لن نبدأ هذا الدرس اليوم.

We will not start this lesson today.

Breakdown of لن نبدأ هذا الدرس اليوم.

• هذا: this
• اليوم: today
• لن: (future negation)
• يبدأ: to start
• درس: lesson

Questions & Answers about لن نبدأ هذا الدرس اليوم.

What does لن mean here, and how is it different from لا and لم?

لن is used to negate an action in the future (or something that will not happen from now on).

• لن نبدأ... = “we will not start…”
  Compare:
• لا نبدأ... usually means “we don’t start / we do not start (habitually)” or a general negation.
• لم نبدأ... means “we did not start…” (past negation).

Does لن change the verb form after it?

Yes. لن makes the present-tense verb (المضارع) become subjunctive (منصوب).
So with full endings it’s:

• لن نبدأَ هذا الدرسَ اليومَ
  In normal unvowelled writing you won’t see the final ـَ, but it’s understood in formal grammar.

Why does the verb نبدأ start with نـ? Where is the word “we”?

In Arabic, the subject pronoun is often built into the verb. The prefix نـ on the present tense typically marks “we”.

• نبدأ = “we start”
  You can add نحن (“we”) for emphasis, but it’s not required:
• لن نبدأ نحن هذا الدرس اليوم (more emphatic)

What is the base form (dictionary form) of نبدأ?

The dictionary form is بدأ (“to begin/start”).
نبدأ is the present tense, 1st person plural: “we begin / we start.”

How do you pronounce and understand the hamza in نبدأ?

نبدأ contains a hamza (ء) written on an alif: أ. It’s pronounced as a clear glottal stop, roughly: nabdaʾ.
This hamza is hamzat al-qaṭʿ (always pronounced, not dropped).

Why is it هذا الدرس and not هذه الدرس?

هذا is the demonstrative for masculine singular “this.”
الدرس (“the lesson”) is grammatically masculine, so you use:

• هذا الدرس = “this lesson”
  هذه is used for feminine singular nouns (e.g., هذه الصفحة = “this page”).

Why does الدرس have الـ?

الـ is the definite article “the.” الدرس literally means “the lesson.”
In context, هذا already makes it specific (“this lesson”), but it’s still very common (and very natural) to keep الـ:

• هذا الدرس = “this lesson” (standard phrasing)

What grammatical role does هذا الدرس have in the sentence?

It functions as the direct object of the verb نبدأ (“start”). In full case marking, it would be:

• هذا الدرسَ (accusative, as the object of “start”)
  هذا itself is a fixed form (it doesn’t show case the same way regular nouns do), while الدرس would take the case ending in fully vowelled text.

What role does اليوم play, and why is it at the end?

اليوم (“today”) is a time expression functioning as an adverbial (often analyzed as ظرف زمان).
Putting it at the end is a very common, neutral word order:

• لن نبدأ هذا الدرس اليوم = “We won’t start this lesson today.”

Could the word order change (e.g., move اليوم earlier)?

Yes. Arabic allows flexibility for emphasis or style. For example:

• لن نبدأ اليوم هذا الدرس puts a bit more focus on today (“Today, we won’t start this lesson.”)
  The original order is the most straightforward.

If the text had full vowel marks, what would the endings likely be?

A typical fully vowelled version in formal grammar would be:

• لن نبدأَ هذا الدرسَ اليومَ
  Because:
• after لن, the verb is منصوب (subjunctive): نبدأَ
• the direct object is منصوب: الدرسَ
• many time adverbs (ظروف) are treated as منصوب: اليومَ
  In real life, most Arabic is written without these endings.

Can I say لن نبدأ الدرس اليوم without هذا?

Yes. Both are correct, but the nuance changes:

• لن نبدأ هذا الدرس اليوم = “We won’t start this lesson today.” (points to a specific lesson)
• لن نبدأ الدرس اليوم = “We won’t start the lesson today.” (still specific, but less explicitly “this one”)