المشروع يعتمد على الخطة.

Because this sentence is structured as a nominal sentence in Arabic: it begins with a noun, المشروع (the project), and then gives information about it with the verbal phrase يعتمد على الخطة.

So the structure is:

• المشروع = the topic / subject
• يعتمد على الخطة = what is being said about it

Arabic could also say:

• يعتمد المشروع على الخطة

That version starts with the verb and is more of a verbal sentence. Both are correct, but the version beginning with المشروع puts a little more focus on the project as the topic.

يعتمد means depends or relies.

In this sentence:

• يعتمد على = depends on / relies on

So يعتمد usually needs the preposition على when you want to say what something depends on.

Examples:

• يعتمد على الوقت = It depends on time.
• يعتمد على النتائج = It depends on the results.

Because the verb اعتمد / يعتمد normally goes with على when it means to depend on or to rely on.

So the combination to learn is:

• اعتمد على
• يعتمد على

It is best to memorize them together as one unit.

For example:

• النجاح يعتمد على العمل = Success depends on work.
• الفريق يعتمد على قائده = The team relies on its leader.

Because both nouns are definite:

• المشروع = the project
• الخطة = the plan

The meaning is not just a project depends on a plan, but rather the project depends on the plan.

If you removed ال, the meaning would become more general:

• مشروع يعتمد على خطة = A project depends on a plan / A project relies on a plan

So ال works like the in English.

No separate word is needed.

Arabic does not use a present-tense form of to be the way English does. Also, the verb يعتمد already means depends, so there is no need for a separate word like does.

So:

• المشروع يعتمد على الخطة = The project depends on the plan.

There is no missing word. The sentence is complete as it is.

They are:

• المشروع → dictionary form: مَشْرُوع = project
• يعتمد → dictionary form: اِعْتَمَدَ = to depend / rely
• على = on
• الخطة → dictionary form: خُطَّة = plan

So if you were looking these up in a dictionary, you would usually search for:

• مَشْرُوع
• اِعْتَمَدَ
• على
• خُطَّة

It is pronounced approximately:

• al-mashrūʿ

A few pronunciation notes:

• ال = al-
• مش = mash
• رو = rū
• the final ع is the letter ʿayn, which is a deep throat sound that does not exist in English

So the whole word is roughly al-mash-rooʿ.

Also, the ال does not assimilate here, because م is a moon letter, not a sun letter.

It is pronounced approximately:

• al-khuṭṭa

Notes:

• خ = a rough kh sound, like the ch in Scottish loch
• ط = an emphatic t
• the doubled ط is because there is a shadda on it: طّ
• ة at the end is taa marbuuTa

So خطة is not khuṭa; it is khuṭṭa, with a doubled ṭ sound.

With the article, it becomes:

• الخطة = al-khuṭṭa

The final ة is called taa marbuuTa. It often appears at the end of feminine nouns.

So:

• خطة is a feminine noun
• with ال, it becomes الخطة

In pause, it is usually pronounced as -a:

• خطة = khuṭṭa

But in full grammatical pronunciation, especially when case endings are pronounced, it can sound like -at or -ti depending on grammar.

For example:

• in pause: الخطة = al-khuṭṭa
• after a preposition, in full pronunciation: الخطةِ = al-khuṭṭati

Yes, in full formal Arabic there are case endings, even though they are often not written in everyday texts and often not pronounced in less formal speech.

The fully vowelled form would be:

• المَشْرُوعُ يَعْتَمِدُ عَلَى الخُطَّةِ

Here is why:

• المشروعُ ends in -u because it is the subject/topic in the nominative
• يعتمدُ ends in -u because it is present tense indicative
• الخطةِ ends in -i because it comes after the preposition على, and prepositions make the following noun genitive

So if you are studying formal grammar, those endings matter.

It is singular.

You can tell because:

• المشروع is singular: the project
• يعتمد is also singular masculine: it depends

If the subject were plural, the form of the verb might change. For example:

• المشاريع تعتمد على الخطة = The projects depend on the plan.

So the verb form matches a singular masculine subject here.

It is masculine.

That matters because the verb form يعتمد is masculine singular.

If the subject were feminine singular, the verb would often be:

• تعتمد

For example:

• الخطة تعتمد على الميزانية = The plan depends on the budget.

So in your sentence:

• المشروع = masculine singular
• therefore يعتمد = masculine singular

Yes. In many contexts, يعتمد على can mean either:

• depends on
• relies on

The exact English translation depends on context.

So:

• المشروع يعتمد على الخطة can be understood as
  • The project depends on the plan
  • The project relies on the plan

Usually depends on is the most direct translation here.

Yes, it can be useful.

يعتمد comes from the verb اِعْتَمَدَ, which is related to the root ع م د.

Knowing roots helps you recognize related words and notice patterns. However, for a beginner, the most practical thing is to learn the whole expression:

• يعتمد على = depends on

That is often more useful at first than analyzing the root in detail.

Still, if you continue studying Arabic morphology, root-and-pattern knowledge will become very helpful.

No, not for this meaning.

With depend on / rely on, the normal and correct preposition is على:

• يعتمد على الخطة

Using بـ here would sound wrong for this meaning in standard usage.

So the safest thing is to memorize:

• اعتمد على شيء
• يعتمد على شيء

meaning to depend on something.