يستلم المشارك شهادة الحضور بعد جلسة الأسئلة والأجوبة.

Because this is a very normal verbal sentence in Arabic: verb + subject + object.

So:

• يستلم = receives
• المشارك = the participant
• شهادة الحضور = the certificate of attendance
• بعد جلسة الأسئلة والأجوبة = after the question-and-answer session

Arabic can also say:

• المشارك يستلم شهادة الحضور...

That version is more of a nominal sentence and can sound a bit more like emphasizing the participant. The version you were given, starting with the verb, is very natural and common.

يستلم is the present tense / imperfect form of استلم.

• past: استلم = he received
• present: يستلم = he receives / he is receiving

In a sentence like this, the present tense often has a general or scheduled meaning, not necessarily “right now at this second.” So it can mean something like:

• The participant receives the certificate...
• The participant will receive the certificate...

The exact English translation depends on context.

Because its subject is المشارك, which is:

• singular
• masculine

So the verb matches it:

• يستلم = he receives

If the subject were feminine singular, you would expect:

• تستلم المشاركة = the female participant receives

If the subject were plural, the form could change depending on word order and structure.

المشارك means the participant.

It comes from the verb شارك = to participate / to take part.

So:

• شارك = he participated
• مشارك = participant

The الـ makes it definite:

• مشارك = a participant
• المشارك = the participant

In formal Arabic, a definite singular noun like this can also be used in a generic sense, meaning “the participant” as a category, similar to English instructions or official notices.

Because Arabic often uses the iḍāfa construction instead of a separate word like of.

So:

• شهادة = certificate
• الحضور = attendance / presence

Together:

• شهادة الحضور = certificate of attendance

This is not two random nouns side by side. It is a grammatical structure where the first noun is linked to the second.

A few important points about iḍāfa:

• the first noun usually does not take الـ
• the second noun can be definite
• if the second noun is definite, the whole phrase becomes definite

So even though شهادة has no الـ, شهادة الحضور is understood as a definite phrase: the certificate of attendance.

Yes. It is also an iḍāfa structure.

Breakdown:

• جلسة = session
• الأسئلة = the questions
• والأجوبة = and the answers

So:

• جلسة الأسئلة والأجوبة = session of questions and answers
• more naturally in English: the Q&A session or the question-and-answer session

Again, there is no separate word for of. Arabic links the nouns directly.

بعد means after.

In this sentence, it introduces the time phrase:

• بعد جلسة الأسئلة والأجوبة = after the question-and-answer session

Grammatically, بعد is followed by a noun phrase in the genitive relationship. In fully vowelled Arabic, that would show up as:

• بعدَ جلسةِ الأسئلةِ والأجوبةِ

In normal unvowelled writing, you usually do not see those endings, but they are still there in the grammar.

Because in an iḍāfa, the first noun normally does not take الـ.

So you say:

• شهادة الحضور

not:

• الشهادة الحضور ❌

Even without الـ on شهادة, the whole phrase can still be definite because of the second noun الحضور.

This is one of the most important patterns in Arabic grammar, and English speakers often need time to get used to it.

Fully vowelled, it would be:

يَسْتَلِمُ المُشارِكُ شَهادَةَ الحُضورِ بَعْدَ جَلْسَةِ الأَسْئِلَةِ وَالأَجْوِبَةِ.

Here is why:

• يستلمُ → nominative ending on the present verb
• المشاركُ → subject, so nominative
• شهادةَ → direct object, so accusative
• الحضورِ → second part of iḍāfa, so genitive
• بعدَ → accusative as an adverbial noun
• جلسةِ → genitive after بعد in the iḍāfa relationship
• الأسئلةِ → genitive
• الأجوبةِ → also genitive

In everyday writing, these short vowels are usually omitted.

A careful pronunciation would be approximately:

• الأسئلة = al-as'ilah
• الأجوبة = al-ajwibah

A few notes:

• الأسئلة contains a real hamza sound, like a short catch in the voice.
• It is the plural of سؤال = question.
• الأجوبة is the plural of جواب = answer.

These are both broken plurals, which means the plural is formed by changing the internal shape of the word, not just adding a simple ending.

Literally, الحضور can mean attendance or presence.

In this sentence, شهادة الحضور is the standard expression for certificate of attendance.

So while الحضور by itself can have a broader meaning, in this phrase it is best understood as attendance.

Yes, absolutely:

• المشارك يستلم شهادة الحضور بعد جلسة الأسئلة والأجوبة.

This is also correct. The difference is mainly one of style and emphasis:

• يستلم المشارك... = a normal verbal sentence, often more neutral and flow-based
• المشارك يستلم... = puts more attention on the participant

Both are grammatical, but the verb-first version is very typical in formal Arabic prose.

It can do either, depending on context.

Because المشارك is definite singular, it may mean:

• the participant in a specific situation

But in formal instructions, announcements, or schedules, Arabic often uses the definite singular to speak generically, like:

• The participant receives...

meaning “any participant” or “participants in general.”

So context decides whether it is specific or generic.