يقتصد صديقي ويخصص المال.

Arabic often uses verb–subject–object order, especially in straightforward written statements.

So:

• يقتصد صديقي = My friend economizes / saves
• literally: economizes my friend

This is normal in Arabic. You could also say:

• صديقي يقتصد ويخصص المال

That version is also correct, but it gives a bit more emphasis to my friend as the topic.

يقتصد is a present/imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular.

That means it corresponds to:

• he economizes
• he is economizing
• he saves / spends carefully

Which English translation fits best depends on context.

In this sentence, the subject is صديقي (my friend), which is grammatically masculine singular, so the verb matches it.

Its fully vowelled form is:

• يَقْتَصِدُ = yaqtaṣidu

Because Arabic verbs already include the subject information.

In يقتصد, the verb form itself tells you the subject is:

• 3rd person
• masculine
• singular

So Arabic does not need a separate pronoun like هو (he) unless you want special emphasis or contrast.

For example:

• هو يقتصد = He is the one who economizes / He economizes

That sounds more emphatic than the original sentence.

صديقي is made of:

• صديق = friend
• ـي = my

So:

• صديقي = my friend

That final ـي is a possessive suffix. Arabic often attaches possessive words directly to the noun instead of using a separate word like my.

Compare:

• صديق = a friend / friend
• صديقي = my friend
• صديقك = your friend (to one male)
• صديقه = his friend

Because in a verbal sentence, Arabic commonly puts the subject after the verb.

So in:

• يقتصد صديقي

the structure is:

• يقتصد = verb
• صديقي = subject

This is a very common Arabic pattern. English usually prefers subject + verb, but Arabic frequently starts with the verb.

و simply means and.

It joins the two verbs:

• يقتصد = he economizes / saves
• يخصص = he allocates / sets aside

So the sentence says that the same subject, my friend, does both actions.

Arabic does not need to repeat the subject:

• يقتصد صديقي ويخصص المال
• literally: My friend economizes and allocates the money

The subject صديقي is understood with both verbs.

يخصص is also a present/imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular verb.

Its fully vowelled form is:

• يُخَصِّصُ = yukhaṣṣiṣu

So it matches the same subject, صديقي.

A useful thing to notice is that this verb has a doubled middle consonant sound because of the pattern it comes from. In careful pronunciation, the ṣ sound is held slightly longer:

• yu-khaṣ-ṣi-ṣu

Because المال is the direct object of يخصص.

In other words, it is the thing being allocated or set aside.

So:

• يخصص المال = he allocates the money
• المال = the object receiving the action

This is a normal word order in Arabic: after the verb, you often get the subject and/or object depending on the sentence structure.

الـ is the definite article, meaning the.

So:

• مال = money / wealth
• المال = the money

In Arabic, nouns are often made definite with الـ when the speaker has specific money or funds in mind, or when speaking in a general but definite way.

Depending on context, المال can sometimes sound natural in English as either:

• the money
• money
• funds

But grammatically in Arabic, it is definite here.

It would be:

• يَقْتَصِدُ صَدِيقِي وَيُخَصِّصُ الْمَالَ

A few helpful notes:

• يَقْتَصِدُ: indicative present verb
• صَدِيقِي: my friend as the subject
• يُخَصِّصُ: another indicative present verb
• الْمَالَ: direct object, so it takes the accusative ending -a

In normal Arabic writing, these short vowels are usually omitted, which is why you normally see:

• يقتصد صديقي ويخصص المال

A careful pronunciation is:

• yaqtaṣidu ṣadīqī wa-yukhaṣṣiṣu al-māla

A rough English-style guide:

• yak-ta-si-du sa-dee-kee wa yu-khas-si-su al-maa-la

A few pronunciation tips:

• ص is an emphatic s sound, deeper than ordinary س
• خ is like the ch in Scottish loch or German Bach
• ق is a deep k/q sound made farther back in the mouth

So the sentence has some sounds that do not exist in ordinary English, especially ص, خ, and ق.