ينفق صديقي بعض المال ويدخر بعض المال.

Because this is a normal Arabic verbal sentence. In Modern Standard Arabic, it is very common to use:

verb + subject + object

So ينفق صديقي بعض المال is a very natural order.

You can also say صديقي ينفق بعض المال, and that is correct too, but it feels a bit more like you are starting with the topic my friend.

It is built into the verbs ينفق and يدخر.

The prefix يـ in these present-tense forms tells you the subject is third person masculine singular: he.

So Arabic does not need a separate pronoun here. Saying هو ينفق... is possible, but usually unnecessary unless you want special emphasis.

The ending ـي means my.

So:

• صديق = friend
• صديقي = my friend

This ـي is an attached possessive pronoun. It is very common in Arabic.

So the subject is not just friend but my friend.

Yes. In Arabic, the subject often comes after the verb in a verbal sentence.

So in:

ينفق صديقي بعض المال

the subject is صديقي.

English usually prefers My friend spends..., but Arabic often prefers Spends my friend... in structure, even though we translate it naturally into English.

The verbs ينفق and يدخر are in the imperfect form, which can express:

• a present action
• a repeated action
• a habitual action
• a general fact

In this sentence, the most natural reading is habitual or general:

My friend spends some money and saves some money.

So it sounds like a regular pattern, not necessarily something happening at this exact moment.

بعض المال is an iḍāfa construction, often called a possessive or annexation structure.

Here:

• بعض = some / part
• المال = the money / money

Together, بعض المال means some money or some of the money, depending on context.

Grammatically, بعض is the first word of the iḍāfa, and المال is the second word, so المال is in the genitive relationship to بعض.

This is a very common point of confusion.

After بعض, Arabic often uses a definite noun, as in بعض المال. Even though المال has الـ, the whole phrase can still be translated naturally as some money in English.

So Arabic and English do not match word-for-word here.

Depending on context, بعض المال can mean:

• some money
• some of the money

Also, المال can sometimes be used in a more general sense, like money/wealth as a category.

Arabic often repeats nouns and noun phrases more freely than English does.

So:

ينفق صديقي بعض المال ويدخر بعض المال

is perfectly natural and nicely balanced.

In English, we might be more likely to avoid repetition, but Arabic often keeps it for clarity and rhythm.

If the context were very clear, Arabic could sometimes use a pronoun instead, but repeating the full phrase here is completely normal.

Because و is a clitic in Arabic. It means and, and it is written attached to the following word.

So:

• و + يدخر
• becomes ويدخر

This is normal Arabic spelling. The same thing happens with other short particles too.

A fully vocalized version would be:

يُنْفِقُ صَدِيقِي بَعْضَ الْمَالِ وَيَدَّخِرُ بَعْضَ الْمَالِ

A few useful things to notice:

• يُنْفِقُ = present tense, indicative
• صَدِيقِي = my friend
• بَعْضَ = direct object, so it is accusative
• الْمَالِ = genitive because it is the second part of the iḍāfa
• وَيَدَّخِرُ = and he saves

In normal Arabic writing, these short vowels are usually omitted.

In fully vocalized form, it is يَدَّخِرُ.

So it is pronounced roughly yaddakhiru.

This comes from the verb ادَّخَرَ, meaning to save or to put aside.

In ordinary Arabic writing, the shadda and short vowels are often not written, so learners see يدخر and have to know the pronunciation from vocabulary knowledge and context.

That is very normal in Arabic.

Because dictionaries usually list verbs under the past tense / dictionary form, not the form that appears in the sentence.

So:

• أنفق = he spent
• ينفق = he spends / he is spending

Likewise:

• ادّخر = he saved / put aside
• يدخر or fully يَدَّخِرُ = he saves / is saving

So the sentence uses the present/imperfect forms, while dictionaries usually give you the past/perfect base form.