يرى صديقي الرصيد ويضع ميزانية.

In Modern Standard Arabic, a very common neutral word order is verb + subject + object.

So:

• يرى صديقي الرصيد = sees my friend the balance
• ويضع ميزانية = and sets a budget

This is normal Arabic style. You can also say:

• صديقي يرى الرصيد ويضع ميزانية

That is also correct, but it gives the subject صديقي a bit more emphasis.

Because the verbs already include that information.

• يرى = he sees
• يضع = he puts / sets / makes

In Arabic, subject pronouns are often built into the verb, so a separate هو is usually unnecessary unless you want extra emphasis.

يرى is pronounced yarā.

A few helpful points:

• It is the present/imperfect form of رأى.
• The final ى is alif maqṣūrah, and here it sounds like a long ā.
• So even though the spelling ends with ى, the pronunciation is yarā, not yarī.

This verb is slightly irregular, so its present form does not look completely predictable if you only know the past form.

Because صديقي means my friend.

It is made from:

• صديق = friend
• ـي = my

So:

• صديقي = my friend

That final ـي is a possessive suffix.

Because words with possessive suffixes are already definite.

So:

• صديق = a friend / friend
• صديقي = my friend

You do not say الصديقي for my friend. The possession already makes it specific.

الرصيد has the definite article الـ, so it means the balance.

But in pronunciation, the ل of الـ assimilates to the ر, because ر is a sun letter.

So it is pronounced:

• ar-raṣīd

not:

• al-raṣīd

In fully vowelled writing, you would see a shaddah on the ر.

The past-tense form is وضع but the present/imperfect is يضع.

This is because the verb is a weak-root verb with an initial و, and in this pattern that و drops in the imperfect.

So:

• وضع = past
• يضع = present/imperfect

It is pronounced roughly yaḍaʿu in full vocalization.

Because Arabic is making one noun specific and the other non-specific.

• الرصيد = the balance
• ميزانية = a budget

So the sentence is talking about a specific balance, but just a budget in a general sense.

If you wanted the budget, you would say:

• الميزانية

Because Arabic often leaves the subject unstated in the second verb when it is clearly the same subject.

So:

• يرى صديقي الرصيد ويضع ميزانية

is understood as:

• My friend sees the balance and he sets a budget

But Arabic does not need to repeat صديقي or هو here, because the subject is already clear from context and from the verb form.

و is the conjunction and.

So:

• ويضع = and he puts / and he sets

It connects the two actions:

• يرى = he sees
• ويضع = and he sets

In fully vocalized form, you could write the sentence as:

• يَرَى صَديقي الرَّصيدَ ويَضَعُ ميزانيَّةً

A few notes:

• يرى: present verb
• صديقي: the subject, grammatically nominative, though the case ending is not clearly visible because of the -ي suffix
• الرصيدَ: direct object, so accusative
• يضعُ: present verb with final -u in full vocalization
• ميزانيةً: direct object, so accusative with tanwīn

In normal unvowelled Arabic writing, these endings are usually not shown.