تشمل ميزانية الأسرة الدخل الشهري.

Because the subject is ميزانية (budget), and ميزانية is a feminine singular noun in Arabic.

So the verb must agree with it in gender:

• تشمل = it includes (feminine singular)
• يشمل = it includes (masculine singular)

Since the thing doing the action is ميزانية الأسرة (the family budget), Arabic uses تشمل.

Arabic often uses verb–subject–object order, especially in Modern Standard Arabic.

So:

• تشمل = includes
• ميزانية الأسرة = the family budget
• الدخل الشهري = the monthly income

This is a very normal MSA structure.

You could also say:

• ميزانية الأسرة تشمل الدخل الشهري.

That word order is also correct, but the original verb-first order is especially common in formal Arabic.

It is an iḍāfa construction, often called a genitive construction or noun + noun possession structure.

Literally, it is:

• ميزانية = budget
• الأسرة = the family

Together:

• ميزانية الأسرة = the family’s budget / the budget of the family

Important things about iḍāfa:

1. The first noun usually does not take ال here.
2. The second noun is in the genitive case.
3. The whole phrase becomes definite if the second noun is definite.

So ميزانية الأسرة is definite because الأسرة is definite.

Because in an iḍāfa construction, the first noun normally does not take ال.

So Arabic says:

• ميزانية الأسرة

not:

• الميزانية الأسرة ❌

Even though ميزانية has no الـ, the whole phrase is still definite because الأسرة is definite.

This is one of the most important patterns in Arabic.

Because الشهري is an adjective describing الدخل, and Arabic adjectives must agree with the noun they describe in:

• definiteness
• gender
• number
• case

So:

• الدخل = the income
• الشهري = the monthly

Since الدخل is definite, the adjective must also be definite:

• الدخل الشهري = the monthly income

If the noun were indefinite, the adjective would also be indefinite:

• دخل شهري = monthly income

A good clue is that it matches الدخل like an adjective would.

• الدخل is masculine singular definite
• الشهري is also masculine singular definite

That kind of matching is what adjectives do in Arabic.

Also, the meaning fits naturally as a noun + adjective phrase:

• الدخل الشهري = the monthly income

If it were an iḍāfa, the structure would behave differently, especially with definiteness.

In fully vowelled formal Arabic, the sentence would be:

تَشْمَلُ مِيزَانِيَّةُ الأُسْرَةِ الدَّخْلَ الشَّهْرِيَّ

The main case endings are:

• تشملُ → the verb ends in -u
• ميزانيةُ → nominative, because it is the subject
• الأسرةِ → genitive, because it is the second part of an iḍāfa
• الدخلَ → accusative, because it is the direct object
• الشهريَّ → accusative too, because it is the adjective of الدخل

In everyday writing, these endings are usually not written, but they are still part of the grammar.

The subject is the full phrase:

• ميزانية الأسرة = the family budget

Even though the sentence begins with the verb, the subject comes right after it.

So the structure is:

• تشمل = verb
• ميزانية الأسرة = subject
• الدخل الشهري = object

The direct object is:

• الدخل الشهري = the monthly income

It is the thing being included by the budget.

So if you ask:

• What does the family budget include?

The answer is:

• الدخل الشهري

Yes. Depending on context, الأسرة can mean:

• family
• household

In a financial sentence like this, English might translate it as either:

• the family budget
• the household budget

Both are reasonable.

A careful pronunciation would be roughly:

tashmalu ميزāniyyatu l-usrati d-dakhla sh-shahriyya

A more learner-friendly breakdown:

• تشمل → tashmal
• ميزانية → mee-zaa-nee-ya
• الأسرة → al-usra
• الدخل → ad-dakhl / al-dakhl (the l assimilates in pronunciation)
• الشهري → ash-shahriyy

If you want the fully connected formal pronunciation with case endings, it is closer to:

tashmalu meezaaniyyatu l-usrati d-dakhla sh-shahriyya

Because Arabic has sun letters and moon letters.

Both د and ش are sun letters, so the ل of الـ is not pronounced clearly before them. Instead, the following consonant is doubled.

So:

• الدخل is pronounced more like ad-dakhl
• الشهري is pronounced more like ash-shahri

But in writing, the spelling still stays الـ.

Sometimes yes, depending on context.

تشمل commonly means:

• includes
• encompasses
• covers

In this sentence, includes is the most natural translation in English.
Contains is possible in some contexts, but it can sound less natural with things like budgets.

So for this sentence, includes is usually best.

Yes. A few useful points:

1. It ends in ة (taa marbuuṭa), which usually marks a feminine noun.
2. That is one reason the verb is feminine: تشمل.
3. In an iḍāfa, it becomes the first noun:
   • ميزانية الأسرة = the family budget

It is a very common word in news, economics, and formal writing.