كاميرا المراقبة قرب زر الطوارئ.

Because Arabic often leaves out the verb to be in the present tense.

So:

كاميرا المراقبة قرب زر الطوارئ
literally: The surveillance camera near the emergency button

But the natural English meaning is:

The surveillance camera is near the emergency button.

This kind of sentence is called a nominal sentence in Arabic. If you wanted past or future, then a verb would usually appear.

This is an iḍāfa construction, often called a genitive construction.

كاميرا المراقبة literally means:

camera of surveillance

In an iḍāfa:

• the first noun usually does not take الـ
• the second noun can make the whole phrase definite

So even though كاميرا has no الـ, the whole phrase كاميرا المراقبة means the surveillance camera.

This is very common in Arabic:

• باب البيت = the door of the house / the house door
• زر الطوارئ = the emergency button

No. Here المراقبة is a noun, not an adjective.

So:

كاميرا المراقبة = camera of surveillance
= surveillance camera

That is different from an adjective structure.

For a learner, this matters because English often uses an adjective-like word where Arabic prefers a noun in iḍāfa. Arabic very often says X of Y where English says Y X.

قرب here means near or close to.

It functions like a word of location, and the noun after it is understood as connected to it, so the meaning is:

near the emergency button

A very common longer alternative is:

بالقرب من زر الطوارئ
= near the emergency button

So these are both natural:

• كاميرا المراقبة قرب زر الطوارئ
• كاميرا المراقبة بالقرب من زر الطوارئ

The version with قرب is shorter and very natural in signs, labels, and concise descriptions.

زر الطوارئ is another iḍāfa construction.

Literally, it is:

button of emergencies

But in natural English, that becomes:

emergency button

Arabic often uses a noun like الطوارئ where English uses an adjective like emergency.

You will see الطوارئ in many common expressions, for example:

• قسم الطوارئ = emergency department
• مخرج الطوارئ = emergency exit
• حالة طوارئ = state of emergency / emergency situation

So زر الطوارئ is a very normal phrase.

Yes, it is normally treated as feminine.

Many borrowed nouns ending in -a sound are treated as feminine in Arabic, and كاميرا is one of them.

So you would typically refer to it with feminine agreement, for example:

• هذه كاميرا = This is a camera
• الكاميرا جديدة = The camera is new

In your sentence, that does not visibly affect much, but it matters in other contexts.

A practical pronunciation is:

kāmīra al-murāqaba qurb zirr aṭ-ṭawāriʾ

A few helpful notes:

• كاميرا = kāmīra
• المراقبة = al-murāqaba
• زر is often pronounced with a doubled r sound in careful speech: zirr
• الطوارئ is pronounced aṭ-ṭawāriʾ, because ط is a sun letter, so the l of الـ is not pronounced
• the final sound in طوارئ is a hamza: ...riʾ

So you hear something close to:

kaa-MEE-ra al-mu-RAA-qa-ba qurb zirr at-ta-WAA-riʔ

Because normal Arabic writing usually leaves out short vowels and most other pronunciation marks.

So learners see:

كاميرا المراقبة قرب زر الطوارئ

instead of a fully marked version.

This is completely normal in everyday Arabic: books, signs, notices, subtitles, articles, and most modern writing do this.

For a learner, that means you have to learn pronunciation from:

• vocabulary knowledge
• patterns
• context

For example, from grammar you can know that after قرب, the following noun phrase is understood in a genitive relationship, even though the short vowels are not written.

Yes. A few natural alternatives are:

• كاميرا المراقبة بالقرب من زر الطوارئ
• تقع كاميرا المراقبة قرب زر الطوارئ
• توجد كاميرا المراقبة قرب زر الطوارئ

The original sentence is short and efficient, which makes it sound a bit like a label, notice, or simple description.

So:

• the original is concise
• versions with تقع or توجد sound a bit more explicit
• بالقرب من is slightly fuller than just قرب

Because Arabic and English package information differently.

English often uses:

• surveillance camera
• emergency button

Arabic very often prefers an iḍāfa:

• كاميرا المراقبة
• زر الطوارئ

So one of the most useful habits for an English speaker learning Arabic is this:

When English has noun + noun or an adjective-like modifier, check whether Arabic prefers:

• an iḍāfa
• an actual adjective
• or a prepositional phrase

In this sentence, both key phrases are iḍāfa constructions, which is why it is such a good example of a very common Arabic pattern.