يعيد صديقي تعيين كلمة المرور بغض النظر عن الوقت.

Because Arabic often expresses a technical idea with a verb + verbal noun combination.

• يعيد = he repeats / he does again / he restores
• تعيين = setting / assigning / configuration

So يعيد تعيين literally means something like he re-does the setting/assignment, which in tech English is simply he resets.

This is very common in Modern Standard Arabic, especially in technical or formal language.

By itself, يعيد comes from the verb أعادَ and usually means he repeats, he restores, or he does again.

So its exact meaning depends on what follows it:

• يعيد الدرس = he repeats the lesson
• يعيد بناء البيت = he rebuilds the house
• يعيد تعيين كلمة المرور = he resets the password

So in this sentence, it carries the idea of re- or again.

It is a verbal noun (called a maṣdar in Arabic), not a finite verb.

The base verb is عيَّنَ = to assign / designate / set.
The verbal noun is تعيين = assigning / setting / designation.

So in يعيد تعيين كلمة المرور, Arabic is literally saying:

he re-does the setting of the password

That is why English translates it more naturally as he resets the password.

Both are possible in Arabic.

• يعيد صديقي... = a normal verbal sentence with the verb first
• صديقي يعيد... = a nominal sentence with more focus on my friend

The version in your sentence starts with the verb, which is very common in MSA. It feels neutral and natural.

Very roughly:

• يعيد صديقي... = My friend resets...
• صديقي يعيد... = My friend is the one who resets... or slightly more emphasis on my friend

صديقي means my friend.

It breaks down like this:

• صديق = friend
• ـي = my

So:

• صديق = a friend / friend
• صديقي = my friend

The ending ـي is a possessive suffix. Arabic often attaches possessive words directly to nouns instead of using a separate word like my.

Because صديقي is already definite.

In Arabic, a noun with a possessive suffix is automatically definite:

• كتاب = a book
• الكتاب = the book
• كتابي = my book

So صديقي already means my friend, which is definite. You do not add ال to it.

Because this is an iḍāfa construction, often called a genitive construction or noun + noun construction.

• كلمة = word
• المرور = passing / المرور
• كلمة المرور = password

In an iḍāfa:

1. the first noun usually does not take ال
2. the second noun can make the whole phrase definite

So:

• كلمة مرور = a password
• كلمة المرور = the password

That is why الكلمة المرور is not correct here.

Literally, it means the word of passage/passing.

But as a fixed expression in modern usage, it means password.

This is one of those phrases where the literal meaning helps only a little. It is best learned as a set expression:

• كلمة المرور = password

No. Another very common expression is كلمة السر.

So you may see both:

• كلمة المرور = password
• كلمة السر = password

In many contexts, they mean the same thing.
كلمة المرور often sounds a bit more formal or technical in MSA, while كلمة السر is also extremely common.

It means regardless of, irrespective of, or without considering.

So:

• بغض النظر عن الوقت = regardless of the time

This is a fixed expression, so it is best to memorize it as a unit:

• بغض النظر عن = regardless of

Even though the individual words have literal meanings, learners usually benefit most from treating the whole phrase as one expression.

Because بغض النظر is normally followed by عن in this expression.

So the pattern is:

• بغض النظر عن + noun / phrase
• regardless of + noun / phrase

Examples:

• بغض النظر عن السعر = regardless of the price
• بغض النظر عن النتيجة = regardless of the result
• بغض النظر عن الوقت = regardless of the time

This is mostly something you memorize as part of the full expression.

Because the sentence is talking about the time in a general, understood sense.

• الوقت = the time
• وقت = a time / time

In this phrase, بغض النظر عن الوقت is the natural way to say regardless of the time or regardless of what time it is.

Using وقت without ال here would sound less natural.

It can mean either, depending on context.

يعيد is in the present tense, and in Arabic the present can express:

• a current action: he is resetting
• a habitual action: he resets
• a general fact: he does reset

Without more context, English often translates it as a simple present:

My friend resets the password regardless of the time.

But in the right context, it could also mean:

My friend is resetting the password regardless of the time.

A fully vocalized version is:

يُعيدُ صَديقي تَعْيينَ كَلِمَةِ المُرورِ بِغَضِّ النَّظَرِ عَنِ الوَقْتِ

A helpful transliteration is:

yuʿīdu ṣadīqī taʿyīna kalimati l-murūri bighaḍḍi n-naẓari ʿani l-waqti

Very roughly, it sounds like:

yu-EE-du sa-DEE-kee taʿ-YEE-na ka-li-ma-ti l-mu-ROO-ri bi-ghad-di n-na-za-ri ʿa-ni l-WAQ-ti

You would change صديقي to صديقتي:

تعيد صديقتي تعيين كلمة المرور بغض النظر عن الوقت.

Changes:

• صديقي = my male friend
• صديقتي = my female friend
• يعيد = he resets
• تعيد = she resets

So Arabic shows gender both in the noun and in the verb.