مصور الزفاف بين الباب والطاولة.

Because this is a present-tense nominal sentence in Arabic. In Modern Standard Arabic, the verb to be is usually not stated in the present tense.

So:

• مصور الزفاف = the wedding photographer
• بين الباب والطاولة = between the door and the table

Together, the sentence means The wedding photographer is between the door and the table, even though Arabic does not say a separate word for is here.

If you wanted was, Arabic could use كان:

• كان مصور الزفاف بين الباب والطاولة = The wedding photographer was between the door and the table

It is an iḍāfa construction, often called a genitive/possessive phrase.

It is made of:

• مصور = photographer
• الزفاف = the wedding

So literally it is photographer of the wedding.

In natural English, this is often translated as:

• the wedding photographer

This is a very common Arabic structure. The first noun is the main thing, and the second noun specifies it.

Because in an iḍāfa construction, the first noun normally does not take الـ.

So Arabic says:

• مصور الزفاف

not:

• المصور الزفاف

The definiteness comes from the second noun. Since الزفاف is definite, the whole phrase مصور الزفاف becomes definite too.

So this phrase is understood as:

• the wedding photographer
• or the photographer of the wedding

not just a wedding photographer.

Usually, مصور الزفاف is more naturally understood as the wedding photographer or the photographer of the wedding, because الزفاف is definite.

If you want a more general, indefinite meaning like a wedding photographer or wedding photographer as a profession, Arabic often uses:

• مصور زفاف

without الـ on زفاف.

So there is an important difference:

• مصور الزفاف = the wedding photographer / photographer of the wedding
• مصور زفاف = a wedding photographer / wedding photographer

Context can still affect translation, but this is the basic pattern.

بين means between.

After it, Arabic gives the two things that something is between:

• الباب = the door
• الطاولة = the table

and they are joined by و = and.

So:

• بين الباب والطاولة = between the door and the table

For a learner, it is easiest to think of بين as working like a preposition. In traditional Arabic grammar, it is often analyzed a little differently, but at your level, between is the right practical understanding.

They have الـ because the sentence refers to the door and the table, not just a door and a table.

So:

• الباب = the door
• الطاولة = the table

If the meaning were indefinite, Arabic could use:

• باب = a door
• طاولة = a table

So the sentence would change in meaning if those articles were removed.

A fully vocalized version would be:

مُصَوِّرُ الزَّفافِ بَيْنَ البابِ والطاولةِ.

Here is why:

• مُصَوِّرُ → -u because it is the subject of the nominal sentence
• الزَّفافِ → -i because it is the second term of the iḍāfa
• بَيْنَ → -a because it is a zarf (adverbial expression of place)
• البابِ → -i because it comes after بين in this construction
• الطاولةِ → -i because it is joined to البابِ by و

In normal unvowelled writing, these endings are usually not shown.

Because of the sun-letter / moon-letter rule.

• ز in الزفاف is a sun letter, so الزفاف is pronounced az-zafāf
• ط in الطاولة is also a sun letter, so الطاولة is pronounced aṭ-ṭāwila
• ب in الباب is a moon letter, so الباب keeps the l sound: al-bāb

So the spelling stays the same, but the pronunciation changes depending on the first letter after الـ.

Yes, Arabic word order is somewhat flexible.

The original sentence:

• مصور الزفاف بين الباب والطاولة

is a neutral way to say:

• The wedding photographer is between the door and the table

You could also front the location for emphasis:

• بين الباب والطاولة مصور الزفاف

This can give more focus to where the photographer is.

Still, for a learner, the original order is the clearest and most straightforward.

You would change مصور to the feminine form مصورة:

• مصورة الزفاف بين الباب والطاولة.

So:

• مصور = male photographer
• مصورة = female photographer

The rest of the sentence stays the same.