يحب صديقي هذه الفرقة.

Because this is a normal verbal sentence in Arabic: it begins with the verb.

So the structure is:

• يحب = likes
• صديقي = my friend
• هذه الفرقة = this band

So literally the order is:

• likes my friend this band

In natural English, of course, we say My friend likes this band.

Arabic can also use subject + verb order, but verb + subject is very common, especially in Modern Standard Arabic.

Yes. That is also correct.

Both of these are possible:

• يحب صديقي هذه الفرقة
• صديقي يحب هذه الفرقة

The difference is mostly about style and emphasis:

• يحب صديقي هذه الفرقة is a typical verbal-sentence order.
• صديقي يحب هذه الفرقة puts more attention on my friend.

Both can mean the same thing: My friend likes this band.

In Arabic, words like my are often shown with a suffix, not a separate word.

• صديق = friend
• صديقي = my friend

The ending ـي means my.

So:

• كتاب = book
• كتابي = my book

This is a very common pattern in Arabic.

Because it is part of a possessive construction.

When Arabic says my friend, it does not usually say something like the my friend. Instead, it uses the noun plus a possessive ending:

• صديقي = my friend

This word is already definite because it is possessed by me, so الـ is not used.

Compare:

• صديق = a friend / friend
• الصديق = the friend
• صديقي = my friend

Because الفرقة is a feminine noun.

In Arabic, demonstratives must match the gender of the noun:

• هذا = this (masculine)
• هذه = this (feminine)

Since فرقة is feminine, Arabic uses:

• هذه الفرقة = this band

If the noun were masculine, you would use هذا instead.

In standard Arabic, the normal order is:

• demonstrative + noun

So:

• هذه الفرقة = this band

That is the usual MSA pattern.

You may sometimes encounter الفرقة هذه in colloquial Arabic or for special emphasis, but for Modern Standard Arabic, هذه الفرقة is the form learners should focus on.

In Arabic, when a demonstrative like هذا / هذه comes before a noun, the noun is usually still definite, so it normally keeps الـ.

So Arabic says:

• هذه الفرقة = literally this the-band

That sounds strange in English, but it is normal in Arabic.

Compare:

• هذه فرقة = this is a band / this is a band-like phrase depending on context
• هذه الفرقة = this band

So if you mean this band, الـ is expected.

The verb يحب comes from the root related to love/liking. Depending on context, it can mean:

• likes
• loves

In many learning examples like this one, it is best understood as likes:

• يحب صديقي هذه الفرقة = My friend likes this band

But in other contexts, يحب can be stronger and closer to loves.

Because the subject صديقي refers to a male friend.

In the present tense, Arabic verbs reflect the gender of the subject. Here:

• يحب = he likes

If the subject were feminine, you would say:

• تحب صديقتي هذه الفرقة = My female friend likes this band

So the يـ at the beginning helps show a masculine singular subject here.

The roles are:

• يحب = verb
• صديقي = subject
• هذه الفرقة = direct object

So صديقي is the one doing the action, and هذه الفرقة is the thing being liked.

In fully vocalized formal Arabic, you could analyze it like this:

• يُحِبُّ
• صديقي = subject, so it is nominative in function
• هذه الفرقةَ = object, so it is accusative in function

A learner does not usually need to pronounce all those endings in normal reading, but it is useful to know the grammar behind the sentence.

A careful pronunciation is:

yuḥibbu ṣadīqī hādhihi al-firqa

In very formal fully inflected reading, the last word may be pronounced with an accusative ending:

yuḥibbu ṣadīqī hādhihi al-firqata

A simple learner-friendly pronunciation is:

• yu-HIB-bu
• sa-DEE-qee
• HAA-dhi-hi
• al-FIR-qa

So the whole sentence sounds roughly like:

yuHIBbu saDEEqee HAAdhihi alFIRqa