رغم أن النسخة المصدقة جاهزة، يرفق مقدم الطلب شهادة الميلاد.

رغم أن is a very common way to introduce a contrastive clause, meaning although / even though / despite the fact that.

A useful distinction is:

• رغم + noun = despite + noun
  • رغم المطر = despite the rain
• رغم أن + clause = although / even though + full clause
  • رغم أن النسخة المصدقة جاهزة = although the certified copy is ready

So in your sentence, Arabic uses رغم أن because what follows is a whole clause, not just a single noun.

Because after رغم in this structure, standard Arabic uses أنَّ to introduce the clause:

• رغم أنَّ...
• على الرغم من أنَّ...

For a learner, the simplest rule is: after رغم meaning although, use أن in writing.

Also, the particle here is really أنَّ grammatically, even though short vowels are usually not written. It introduces a clause and affects the noun after it.

Because النسخة is a feminine singular noun, and Arabic makes related words agree with it.

So:

• النسخة = the copy
• المصدقة = certified/authenticated
• جاهزة = ready

Both المصدقة and جاهزة are feminine singular to match النسخة.

If the noun were masculine, these forms would change accordingly.

المصدقة is a passive participle being used like an adjective.

It comes from the verb صدّق in the sense of to certify / authenticate. So:

• مُصَدَّق = certified/authenticated (masculine)
• مُصَدَّقة = certified/authenticated (feminine)

Here it describes النسخة, so it works like an adjective: the certified copy.

Because النسخة is definite, المصدقة is also definite and takes الـ.

Because مقدم الطلب is an iḍāfa construction (a genitive/possessive construction).

In an iḍāfa:

• the first noun usually does not take الـ
• the whole phrase can still be definite if the second noun is definite

So:

• مقدم الطلب
• literally: submitter/presenter of the application
• naturally: the applicant

Even without الـ on مقدم, the whole phrase is definite because الطلب is definite.

شهادة الميلاد is also an iḍāfa construction.

• شهادة = certificate
• الميلاد = the birth

So literally it is certificate of the birth, and the whole phrase means the birth certificate.

Even though شهادة does not have الـ, the phrase is definite because the second noun, الميلاد, is definite.

That is normal in Arabic iḍāfa phrases.

Because verb-first word order is very common in Modern Standard Arabic, especially in formal and administrative style.

So this pattern is normal:

• يرفق = verb
• مقدم الطلب = subject
• شهادة الميلاد = object

This is called VSO order: Verb–Subject–Object.

Arabic could also say:

• مقدم الطلب يرفق شهادة الميلاد

That is also correct, but it feels a bit different in emphasis. The version with the verb first is especially common in formal writing.

يرفق is in the imperfect form, which is often called the present in learner materials.

But in formal Arabic, especially in instructions, regulations, and administrative language, the imperfect can express:

• a general rule
• a standard procedure
• something expected or required

So here يرفق may be understood as:

• attaches
• encloses
• is to attach
• should attach

The exact English wording depends on context, but the Arabic imperfect is perfectly normal here.

There are two main clues:

1. Word order

   • After the verb يرفق, the phrase مقدم الطلب naturally reads as the subject in this formal VSO structure.
   • Then شهادة الميلاد is what is being attached, so it is the object.

2. Case endings (when written with vowels)

   • مقدمُ الطلبِ would be nominative, marking the subject
   • شهادةَ الميلادِ would be accusative, marking the object

In normal Arabic writing, those short vowels are usually omitted, so learners often rely on syntax and meaning.

A fully vowelled version would be:

رَغْمَ أَنَّ النُّسْخَةَ المُصَدَّقَةَ جاهِزَةٌ، يُرْفِقُ مُقَدِّمُ الطَّلَبِ شَهادَةَ المِيلادِ.

This shows several useful case relationships:

• أَنَّ makes its noun accusative:
  • النُّسخةَ
• the adjective agrees with it:
  • المُصَدَّقةَ
• the predicate remains nominative:
  • جاهزةٌ
• the subject of the main verb is nominative:
  • مقدمُ
• the direct object is accusative:
  • شهادةَ
• the second term of each iḍāfa is genitive:
  • الطلبِ
  • الميلادِ

Here يرفق takes شهادة الميلاد as a direct object, so no preposition is needed.

In other words:

• يرفق شهادة الميلاد = attaches/encloses the birth certificate

If you want to say what something is attached to, Arabic often uses بـ:

• يرفق شهادةَ الميلادِ بالطلب
  = he attaches the birth certificate to the application

So in your sentence, only the item being enclosed is mentioned, which is why there is no preposition before it.