يتبنى صديقي القطة بعد التطعيم.

Because Arabic very often uses verb–subject–object order, especially in neutral written style.

So:

• يتبنى = adopts / is adopting
• صديقي = my friend
• القطة = the cat

This gives:

• يتبنى صديقي القطة = My friend adopts/is adopting the cat

You could also say:

• صديقي يتبنى القطة

That is also correct, but it shifts the feel slightly toward emphasizing my friend.

صديقي means my friend because it is made of:

• صديق = friend
• ـي = my

So:

• صديق = a friend / friend
• صديقي = my friend

It does not take الـ because Arabic normally does not use الـ on a noun when it already has a possessive suffix like ـي.

So you say:

• صديقي = my friend

not:

• الصديقي

This is part of how possession works in Arabic.

The ـي is the first-person singular possessive suffix, meaning my.

Examples:

• كتابي = my book
• بيتي = my house
• صديقي = my friend

So instead of using a separate word for my, Arabic often attaches it directly to the noun.

القطة means the cat, not just a cat.

The prefix الـ is the Arabic definite article, equivalent to the in English.

So:

• قطة = a cat / cat
• القطة = the cat

In this sentence, the cat is presented as a specific cat, so القطة is natural.

It is the direct object because it is the thing being adopted.

In full vowelled Arabic, it would usually appear as:

• القطةَ

with fatḥa marking the accusative case.

But in normal everyday writing, short vowel endings are usually omitted, so you just see:

• القطة

You understand its role from:

1. the meaning of the verb,
2. the word order,
3. grammar context.

يتبنى is an imperfect verb, roughly meaning he adopts, he is adopting, or sometimes he will adopt, depending on context.

Its dictionary form is:

• تَبَنَّى = to adopt

The form يتبنى is:

• 3rd person masculine singular
• imperfect / non-past

So it agrees with صديقي, which is grammatically masculine singular.

Because Arabic imperfect verbs can cover present and future meanings, the exact time depends on context unless a time marker is added.

It is pronounced approximately:

• yatabannā

The final ى is alif maqṣūra, which is written like ى but pronounced as a long ā sound.

So the ending is not pronounced like y here. It sounds like:

• ...nā

This is common in some verbs and nouns.

It can mean any of those, depending on context.

In Modern Standard Arabic, the imperfect verb often covers:

• simple present: he adopts
• present progressive: he is adopting
• future: he will adopt

If the sentence needs a clearly future meaning, Arabic often adds a future marker such as:

• سـ
• سوف

For example:

• سيتبنى صديقي القطة = My friend will adopt the cat

Without that, يتبنى is usually understood from the situation.

بعد التطعيم means after the vaccination or after vaccination, and it is a time expression.

It contains:

• بعد = after
• التطعيم = the vaccination / vaccination

Grammatically, بعد is often treated as a noun of time used in a preposition-like way, and the word after it is in the genitive.

So in full vowelled form, you could write:

• بعدَ التطعيمِ

Here:

• بعدَ is in the accusative as an adverbial expression
• التطعيمِ is genitive after it in an iḍāfa-type structure

Learners often just need to remember that بعد is followed by a noun meaning the event or time that comes later.

It is a noun, specifically a verbal noun or maṣdar.

So التطعيم means:

• vaccination
• inoculation
• administering a vaccine

Arabic often uses a verbal noun where English might use either:

• a noun: after the vaccination
• or a clause: after vaccinating

So بعد التطعيم is a compact, natural Arabic expression.

Yes. Arabic can express the same idea in more than one way.

For example:

• بعد التطعيم = after the vaccination / after vaccination
• بعد أن تُطعَّم القطة = after the cat is vaccinated

The sentence you were given uses the shorter noun-based structure, which is very common in formal Arabic.

So بعد التطعيم is concise and natural, while a clause with بعد أن can sound more explicit.

Because Arabic often leaves that relationship to context when it is obvious.

بعد التطعيم literally means after the vaccination. In context, the reader naturally understands whose vaccination is meant — here, most likely the cat’s vaccination.

If more precision were needed, Arabic could say something like:

• بعد تطعيم القطة = after vaccinating the cat
• بعد أن تُطعَّم القطة = after the cat is vaccinated

But the shorter version is perfectly normal when the intended meaning is clear.

Yes, that is also correct.

Arabic allows flexibility in word order. Moving بعد التطعيم to the front gives more prominence to the time phrase:

• بعد التطعيم يتبنى صديقي القطة
• يتبنى صديقي القطة بعد التطعيم

Both are grammatical. The difference is mostly one of emphasis and style, not basic meaning.

In ordinary Arabic writing, the short vowel case endings are usually not written.

If you fully vowelled the sentence, it might look like:

• يَتَبَنَّى صَدِيقِي القِطَّةَ بَعْدَ التَّطْعِيمِ

The important endings would be:

• القطةَ = accusative object
• التطعيمِ = genitive after بعد

But most real-world MSA texts omit these short vowels, so learners have to infer the grammar from structure and context.