ينمو البرعم.

ينمو is in the imperfect (the non-past form). In a sentence like this, it can often be understood as:

• grows
• is growing

In Modern Standard Arabic, the imperfect can cover several English present-time meanings, and context tells you which one fits best.

The dictionary form is نما.

A very common way to identify Arabic verbs is:

• dictionary form: 3rd person masculine singular, past
• here: نما
• present/imperfect: ينمو

This verb is from the root ن م و and is a weak verb because the last root letter is و.

Because verb–subject order is very common in MSA.

So:

• ينمو البرعم = a normal VSO sentence
• البرعم ينمو = also correct, but more subject-first/topic-first

Both are possible. Starting with the verb often sounds like a neutral statement of what is happening.

Because the subject البرعم is singular masculine.

So the verb appears in 3rd person masculine singular:

• هو ينمو

In Arabic, the verb agrees with the subject in gender, and with a singular subject like this, the singular verb is exactly what you expect.

الـ is the Arabic definite article, meaning the.

So برعم is a bud, while البرعم is the bud.

Also, because the noun is definite:

• it does not take tanwīn (nunation)
• as the subject, it would be nominative in fully vocalized Arabic: البرعمُ

In everyday writing, that final short vowel is usually not written.

That final و is part of the verb and represents a long ū sound.

So ينمو is pronounced roughly yanmū.

It is not a separate word, and it is not the plural ending. It appears because this verb is a final-weak verb whose root ends in و:

• نما
• ينمو

A careful pronunciation is:

yanmū al-burʿumu

If you pause at the end, the final case vowel is usually not pronounced, so you will often hear something like:

yanmū al-burʿum

A few pronunciation notes:

• ينمو = yanmū
• الـ is pronounced clearly here because ب is a moon letter, not a sun letter
• ع in البرعم is a deep throat sound with no exact English equivalent

Yes. Normal Arabic writing usually leaves out most short vowels.

So ينمو البرعم is the ordinary spelling, while a fully vocalized version would be:

يَنْمُو البُرْعُمُ

That full version shows:

• يَ in ينمو
• the long ū at the end of ينمو
• the nominative ending ـُ on البرعمُ

It is the subject.

In this sentence:

• ينمو = the verb
• البرعم = the thing doing the action, so it is the subject

This verb is being used intransitively here, which means it does not need a direct object.

Yes, absolutely.

Both are grammatical:

• ينمو البرعم
• البرعم ينمو

The difference is mainly one of word order and focus:

• ينمو البرعم = more neutral, verb-first style
• البرعم ينمو = puts more attention on the bud

For a beginner, it is useful to recognize both patterns.