الكتاب موجود هنا.

In Arabic, the present-tense to be is usually not stated in simple sentences like this.

So:

• الكتاب موجود هنا = The book is here

Arabic does not need a separate present-tense verb like is in this kind of sentence.

If you wanted a past or future meaning, then Arabic would use a verb:

• كان الكتاب موجودًا هنا = The book was here
• سيكون الكتاب موجودًا هنا = The book will be here

موجود means present, found, existing, or available, depending on context.

In this sentence, it gives the idea that the book is present / is there / is located here.

So الكتاب موجود هنا can be understood naturally as:

• The book is here
• The book is present here
• The book is located here

In everyday usage, موجود is very common for saying that something or someone is present or available.

Yes. الكتاب هنا is also correct and very natural. It simply means The book is here.

The version with موجود can sound a little more explicit, like:

• The book is present here
• The book is indeed here
• The book is available here

So:

• الكتاب هنا = simpler and very common
• الكتاب موجود هنا = slightly fuller, with a sense of presence or existence

الـ is the Arabic definite article, meaning the.

So:

• كتاب = a book or book
• الكتاب = the book

Because the English meaning is the book, Arabic uses الـ.

This is a very normal Arabic word order for a nominal sentence:

• الكتاب = the topic / subject
• موجود = the comment about it
• هنا = here

So the sentence is built like:

• The book
  • present/located
    • here

Arabic often places adverbs of place like هنا at the end, though other orders can sometimes occur for emphasis.

This is a nominal sentence in Arabic, called جملة اسمية.

A nominal sentence often begins with a noun and has:

• مبتدأ = the topic / subject
• خبر = the information given about it

Here:

• الكتاب = مبتدأ
• موجود هنا = خبر

The predicate خبر can be:

• a single word
• a phrase
• even a full clause

In this sentence, موجود هنا functions as the predicate.

In fully vowelled formal Arabic, you could write the sentence with case endings:

• الكتابُ موجودٌ هنا

Here:

• الكتابُ has ḍamma because it is the مبتدأ
• موجودٌ also has ḍamma because it is the خبر

But in normal Arabic writing, short vowels and case endings are usually not written, so you usually just see:

• الكتاب موجود هنا

That is completely normal.

Yes, in this kind of sentence, موجود matches the noun in gender and number.

Since الكتاب is:

• singular
• masculine

the word used is:

• موجود

Examples of agreement:

• الكتاب موجود = the book is present
• السيارة موجودة = the car is present
• الكتب موجودة = the books are present

So if the noun changes, موجود may also change.

Many Arabic nouns are masculine by default unless they show a common feminine marker, especially ـة.

كتاب does not have that feminine ending, so it is treated as masculine:

• كتاب = masculine singular noun

That is why the predicate is:

• موجود and not موجودة

A common pronunciation is:

• al-kitāb mawjūd hunā

Word by word:

• الكتاب = al-kitāb
• موجود = mawjūd
• هنا = hunā

If you pronounce full case endings in very careful formal Arabic, it would be:

• al-kitābu mawjūdun hunā

A common way is to use ليس:

• الكتاب ليس موجودًا هنا = The book is not here

Notes:

• ليس is used for negating this kind of present-time nominal sentence.
• In fully vowelled Arabic, موجودًا takes fatḥa tanwīn here because of the grammar after ليس.

In normal writing, you will often see:

• الكتاب ليس موجودًا هنا or sometimes without full vowel marks:
• الكتاب ليس موجود هنا

You can add a question particle such as هل at the beginning:

• هل الكتاب موجود هنا؟ = Is the book here?

You may also hear question intonation in speech, but هل is the standard clear way to form a yes/no question in Modern Standard Arabic.

Not always, but it is very natural here.

The most neutral order is:

• الكتاب موجود هنا

You may sometimes see or hear other orders for emphasis, but for a learner, the standard pattern to remember is:

• noun + predicate + place expression

So هنا at the end is the safest and most natural choice in this sentence.