المحطة في منتصف المدينة.

In Arabic, present-tense sentences often do not use a separate word for is / am / are.

So:

• المحطة في منتصف المدينة literally looks like:
• the station in the middle of the city

But it means:

• The station is in the middle of the city.

This is a very common Arabic pattern called a nominal sentence. The first part is the topic, and the second part gives information about it.

If you wanted was, Arabic would usually use كان:

• كانت المحطة في منتصف المدينة = The station was in the middle of the city.

المحطة usually means the station.

Depending on context, it can refer to things like:

• a train station
• a bus station
• a stop
• a station in a more general sense

The basic word is:

• محطة = station / stop
• المحطة = the station

It is a feminine noun, which is common for words ending in ـة.

الـ is the Arabic definite article, equivalent to the in English.

So:

• محطة = a station / station
• المحطة = the station

Since the English meaning already has the station, Arabic uses الـ.

Also, in nominal sentences like this, it is very common for the first noun to be definite when you are talking about a specific thing.

في means in.

So:

• في منتصف المدينة = in the middle of the city

It is a very common preposition used for location.

Examples:

• في البيت = in the house
• في المدرسة = in the school
• في المدينة = in the city

منتصف means middle, midpoint, or center area, depending on context.

So:

• منتصف المدينة = the middle of the city

This is a natural Arabic way to say the middle of the city.

You may also see related words such as:

• وسط = middle / center
• في وسط المدينة = in the center/middle of the city

Both can work, though في منتصف المدينة sounds slightly more like in the middle of the city.

Arabic often expresses of using a structure called iḍāfa (ضافة / إضافة), usually translated as a construct phrase.

In this structure, two nouns are put together:

• منتصف = middle
• المدينة = the city

Together:

• منتصف المدينة = the middle of the city

So Arabic does not need a separate word for of here.

This is very common:

• باب البيت = the door of the house
• وسط المدينة = the center of the city
• اسم الطالب = the student’s name / the name of the student

Because in an iḍāfa phrase, the second noun can still be definite.

Here:

• منتصف = middle of ...
• المدينة = the city

So:

• منتصف المدينة = the middle of the city

A useful rule:

• the first noun in an iḍāfa usually does not take الـ
• the second noun may be definite or indefinite depending on meaning

Compare:

• منتصف مدينة = middle of a city
• منتصف المدينة = middle of the city

Yes. In grammatical terms, المحطة is the thing being talked about.

A simple way to analyze the sentence is:

• المحطة = the topic / subject
• في منتصف المدينة = the comment / predicate / information about it

So the structure is:

• The station
  • is in the middle of the city

In traditional Arabic grammar, you would often call these:

• المبتدأ = the starting noun/topic
• الخبر = the information given about it

Here:

• المحطة = المبتدأ
• في منتصف المدينة = الخبر

It is only partly different.

English:

• The station is in the middle of the city.

Arabic:

• The station in the middle of the city.

The main difference is that Arabic leaves out the present-tense is.

Otherwise, the order is actually quite similar:

1. المحطة = the station
2. في منتصف المدينة = in the middle of the city

So for an English speaker, this sentence is not too hard once you get used to Arabic dropping is.

A careful pronunciation would be approximately:

al-maḥaṭṭatu fī muntaṣafi al-madīnati

In normal pausing pronunciation, many learners will hear something closer to:

al-maḥaṭṭa fī muntaṣaf il-madīna

A few helpful notes:

• ح in محطة is a deeper h sound, from the throat.
• ط is a heavy/emphatic t.
• ة at the end of محطة usually sounds like -a when pausing.
• في is pronounced fī with a long ee sound.
• مدينة is madīna, with a long ee.

Fully vocalized, it would typically be:

المَحَطَّةُ في مُنتَصَفِ المَدِينَةِ

The endings are:

• المحطةُ = nominative, because it is the topic/subject of the nominal sentence
• منتصفِ = genitive, because it comes after the preposition في
• المدينةِ = genitive, because it is the second noun in an iḍāfa

In everyday writing, these short vowel endings are usually not written, so learners normally see:

المحطة في منتصف المدينة

محطة is feminine, largely because it ends in ـة (tāʾ marbūṭa), which often marks feminine nouns.

In this particular sentence, it does not change much, because there is no adjective or past-tense verb agreeing with it.

But in other sentences, it would matter. For example:

• المحطة كبيرة = The station is big.
  (كبيرة is feminine to match المحطة.)

• كانت المحطة مزدحمة = The station was crowded.
  The grammar agrees with the feminine noun.

So yes, it matters grammatically, even if this sentence itself does not show much agreement.

Yes, that is possible, but it is a slightly different structure.

Compare:

• المحطة في منتصف المدينة = The station is in the middle of the city.
• المحطة وسط المدينة = The station is in the middle/center of the city.

Both are understandable and natural.
The version with في منتصف is a bit more explicitly in the middle of.
The version with وسط can sound a little more compact.

So the original sentence is perfectly good, and وسط is just another common option.

Yes, it is natural and correct in Modern Standard Arabic.

It is a simple, standard sentence with:

• a definite noun as the topic: المحطة
• a prepositional phrase giving location: في منتصف المدينة

It sounds like normal written or careful spoken MSA. A native speaker would understand it immediately.