الكابل هنا.

That is a very common Arabic-learning issue. Arabic script usually leaves out most short vowels in normal writing, so you often have to know the word already or infer it from context.

For this sentence, if the intended meaning is the cable is here, a careful MSA reading would commonly be:

al-kābilu hunā

In less formal reading, many speakers would say:

al-kābil hunā

So the main idea is:

• ال = al-
• كابل is read here as a form of cable
• هنا = hunā

الـ is the Arabic definite article, equivalent to English the.

So:

• كابل = cable
• الكابل = the cable

Also, because ك is a moon letter, the l in al- is pronounced clearly. So you say al-kābil, not something like ak-kābil.

In Arabic, the present-tense verb to be is usually omitted.

So a sentence like:

الكابل هنا

literally looks more like:

the cable here

But in normal English, you translate it with is:

The cable is here.

This is completely normal in Arabic. If you wanted past or future, then Arabic would usually use a verb such as كان.

This is a nominal sentence in Arabic, called a jumla ismiyya.

Its two main parts are:

• الكابل = the mubtadaʾ (the topic/subject)
• هنا = the khabar (the comment/predicate)

So the structure is basically:

[topic] + [information about it]

Here, the sentence starts with the cable, and then tells you where it is: here.

Yes, it can come first, but the usual neutral order here is:

الكابل هنا

This sounds like a plain statement.

If you say:

هنا الكابل

that can also be possible, but it sounds more marked or emphatic, something like:

• Here is the cable
• The cable is here, right here

So for a simple, neutral sentence, the given order is the most straightforward one.

They are normally not written in everyday Arabic text.

In fully vocalized, formal MSA, you would expect:

الكابلُ هنا

with -u on الكابلُ, because it is the mubtadaʾ and therefore nominative.

But in normal writing, Arabic usually leaves those endings off, so you just see:

الكابل هنا

That does not mean the grammar disappears; it just means the short vowels are not being shown.

No. هنا already means here, so it does not normally need في before it.

So this is natural:

الكابل هنا

Not normally:

الكابل في هنا

If you want a longer phrase, you could say something like:

الكابل في هذا المكان

But with هنا, the shorter form is the normal one.

No. هنا is an adverb of place, and it does not change to match the noun.

So whether the thing is masculine, feminine, singular, or plural, هنا stays the same:

• الكتاب هنا
• السيارة هنا
• الكتب هنا

In all of these, هنا remains unchanged.

It is a loanword used in modern Arabic for a technical object.

That is very common in Modern Standard Arabic, especially for technology and modern life. Even though the word is borrowed, Arabic still treats it grammatically like a regular noun:

• it can take الـ
• it can take case endings in formal grammar
• it can appear in normal Arabic sentence structures

So الكابل هنا is grammatically normal Arabic, even though كابل itself is borrowed.

It is perfectly fine in Modern Standard Arabic.

• هنا is a standard MSA word
• the sentence structure is standard
• the omission of is is standard

In everyday dialects, people may use different words for here, and the pronunciation of cable may vary too. But as an MSA sentence, الكابل هنا is completely natural.