لا يشرب الحيوان المفترس من المورد المائي ولا يرى الفريسة.

لا negates the imperfect verb that follows it. Here:

• لا يشرب = does not drink
• ولا يرى = and does not see / nor does it see

In this kind of sentence, لا usually gives a present-time or general/habitual meaning, not a past meaning.

In Arabic, the imperfect can express:

• the present
• habitual actions
• general truths
• sometimes near future, depending on context

Here the sentence sounds like a general statement, so the imperfect is the natural choice. English often uses the simple present for this idea.

That is a very common Arabic word order: verb + subject + rest of sentence.

So:

• يشرب الحيوان المفترس = literally drinks the predatory animal

This is normal in MSA. Arabic can also use subject + verb order:

• الحيوان المفترس لا يشرب...

That version is also correct, but it gives slightly different emphasis.

Because the subject is understood to be the same as in the first clause: الحيوان المفترس.

So the second clause means:

• ولا يرى الفريسة
• and it does not see the prey

Arabic often omits a repeated subject when it is already clear from the context.

Because المفترس is describing الحيوان, and adjectives in Arabic must agree with the noun they modify.

They agree in things like:

• definiteness
• gender
• number
• case

So if the noun is definite:

• الحيوان = the animal

then the adjective must also be definite:

• المفترس = the predatory / predaceous

That is why the phrase is الحيوان المفترس, not الحيوان مفترس.

Here it functions as an adjective modifying الحيوان.

So الحيوان المفترس means something like:

• the predatory animal
• the carnivorous/predatory animal

But مفترس can also behave like a noun in other contexts, meaning something like predator. Arabic often allows forms like this to work as either adjectives or nouns, depending on position and context.

Here من means from.

That matters because Arabic distinguishes between:

• drinking something directly
  
  • يشرب الماء = he drinks the water
• drinking from a source/container/place
  
  • يشرب من المورد المائي = he drinks from the water source

So من shows the source or point of drinking.

No. It is better understood here as a noun plus adjective:

• المورد = source / resource / supply point
• المائي = water-related / aquatic / water

So المورد المائي means the water source or the water resource.

If it were an iḍāfa, the structure would look different. Here the second word is an adjective agreeing with the first, not a second noun possessed by it.

Because the second verb is also being negated.

• و = and
• لا = not
• together: ولا = and not / nor

So لا يشرب ... ولا يرى ... means:

• does not drink ... and does not see ...
• or more naturally in English, neither drinks ... nor sees ...

Attaching لا to the second verb is the normal way to continue the negation.

Because يرى comes from the verb رأى, which is an irregular verb.

A few useful points:

• past: رأى = he saw
• imperfect: يرى = he sees

The form changes quite a bit, so learners often have to memorize it separately. It does not behave as neatly as a regular sound verb like يشرب.

In normal Arabic writing, short vowels and case endings are usually omitted. But if fully vocalized, the sentence would be approximately:

• لا يَشرَبُ الحَيَوانُ المُفتَرِسُ مِنَ المَورِدِ المائِيِّ ولا يَرَى الفَريسَةَ

The important cases are:

• الحيوانُ = nominative, because it is the subject
• المفترسُ = nominative, because it agrees with the subject noun
• الموردِ = genitive, because it comes after من
• المائيِّ = genitive, because it agrees with المورد
• الفريسةَ = accusative, because it is the direct object of يرى

Not necessarily only one specific prey. In Arabic, the definite article ال can sometimes be used in a generic sense, especially in formal or general statements.

So الفريسة can mean:

• the prey in a general/class sense
• or a contextually understood prey

This is similar to how English sometimes uses the in general statements, though Arabic does this a bit differently and often more freely.