يحمل المرشد دائما خريطة المسار.

Because Arabic often uses verb–subject–object order, especially in straightforward statements.

So this sentence is structured like:

• يحمل = carries
• المرشد = the guide
• دائما = always
• خريطة المسار = the map of the route / the route map

This verb-first order is very common in Modern Standard Arabic.

You could also say:

• المرشد يحمل دائما خريطة المسار

That is also correct, but it gives a slightly different emphasis, with more focus on the guide.

يحمل is the present tense / imperfect form of the verb حمل, meaning to carry.

Here it means:

• he carries
• or, depending on context, the guide carries

Why he? Because the subject المرشد is:

• masculine
• singular

So the verb appears in the 3rd person masculine singular form.

In standard Arabic, when the verb comes before the subject, the verb is normally kept in the singular form.

So in:

• يحمل المرشد

the verb is singular because the subject comes after it.

This is a normal rule of Arabic sentence structure.
If the subject were plural and came after the verb, the verb would still often remain singular in agreement for person/gender, depending on the structure.

المرشد means the guide.

It comes from the root related to guidance and showing the way.

The الـ at the beginning is the definite article, meaning the.

So:

• مرشد = a guide
• المرشد = the guide

دائما means always.

It is an adverb telling you how often the action happens.

So:

• يحمل المرشد دائما خريطة المسار = The guide always carries the route map

Its position is fairly natural here, between the subject and the object, but Arabic allows some flexibility with adverbs.

Yes, often it can.

For example, these are all possible in Arabic, depending on style and emphasis:

• يحمل المرشد دائما خريطة المسار
• المرشد يحمل دائما خريطة المسار
• دائما يحمل المرشد خريطة المسار

They all communicate roughly the same basic idea: the guide always carries the route map.

However, the most neutral version here is the original one.

Because this is an iḍāfa construction, often called a construct phrase.

In Arabic, when two nouns are linked like X of Y, the first noun usually does not take الـ.

So:

• خريطة المسار = map of the route
• literally: map the-route

In an iḍāfa:

1. the first noun does not take الـ
2. the second noun often determines whether the whole phrase is definite

Since المسار is definite, the whole phrase خريطة المسار is understood as definite:
the route map / the map of the route

Because خريطة is the first word in an iḍāfa construction.

The first noun in an iḍāfa:

• does not take الـ
• does not take tanwīn

So you get:

• خريطة المسار

not:

• خريطةٌ المسار
• الخريطة المسار

This is one of the key signs that you are looking at an iḍāfa phrase.

المسار means something like:

• the route
• the path
• the course

In this sentence, خريطة المسار is best understood as:

• the route map
• or the map of the route

The exact English wording can vary depending on context.

In fully vocalized Modern Standard Arabic, the sentence would be:

• يَحْمِلُ المُرْشِدُ دَائِمًا خَرِيطَةَ المَسَارِ

The endings show the grammatical roles:

• يَحْمِلُ → verb in the indicative
• المُرْشِدُ → nominative, because it is the subject
• دَائِمًا → accusative adverb form
• خَرِيطَةَ → accusative, because it is the direct object
• المَسَارِ → genitive, because it is the second noun in the iḍāfa

In normal unvowelled writing, these endings are usually not written, but they are still understood grammatically.

Yes, in this sentence it does.

When خريطة stands alone, it is often pronounced like:

• kharīṭa

But in connected grammatical speech, especially in an iḍāfa, the ة is pronounced as t.

So خريطة المسار is pronounced roughly like:

• kharīṭat al-masār
• and with full case endings: kharīṭata l-masāri

So this is a good example of ة being heard as t in connected speech.

It is a verbal sentence because it begins with a verb:

• يحمل

In Arabic:

• a sentence beginning with a verb is a verbal sentence
• a sentence beginning with a noun is a nominal sentence

So this one is clearly verbal.

Yes, it can in some contexts.

For example:

• يحمل المرشد خريطة المسار دائما

This is also understandable and grammatical.

But the original:

• يحمل المرشد دائما خريطة المسار

sounds very natural because دائما neatly modifies the whole action before the object appears.

So the original word order is a very good model for learners.

A natural translation is:

• The guide always carries the route map.

Depending on context, you could also say:

• The guide always carries a map of the route.
• The guide always carries the route’s map. (less natural in English)

The best everyday English version is usually:

• The guide always carries the route map.