أرسل الرسالة عبر الهاتف.

أرسل comes from the root ر-س-ل, which is connected with sending.

It is a Form IV verb in Arabic: أرسلَ.
Its basic meaning is to send.

So in this sentence, it is the verb meaning send / sent, depending on context.

Yes. In unvowelled Arabic writing, أرسل can be read in two different ways:

• أرسلَ = he sent
• أرسِلْ = send! (imperative, to one male)

So the written form alone can be ambiguous. Usually, you know from:

• context
• vowel marks, if they are written
• the translation or surrounding sentences

This is very common in Arabic.

Arabic often leaves the subject pronoun unstated because the verb already gives that information.

If it is the past tense reading:

• أرسلَ = he sent

The he is built into the verb, so Arabic does not need a separate هو.

If it is the imperative reading:

• أرسِلْ = send!

then the subject is the understood you.

الرسالة means the message.

There are two important things to notice:

1. الـ makes it definite

   • الرسالة = the message
   • رسالة = a message

2. It is the direct object of the verb
   In fully vowelled formal Arabic, it would be:

• الرسالةَ

with fatḥa because it is the thing being sent.

عبر means via, through, or by means of.

So عبر الهاتف means something like:

• via the phone
• by phone
• through the telephone

It tells you the means or channel used to send the message.

Both can work, but they are not exactly identical in feel.

• عبر الهاتف = via/by means of the phone
• بالهاتف = by phone / on the phone

In Modern Standard Arabic, عبر can sound a bit more formal or more explicitly like via.
بالهاتف is also very natural and common.

So this sentence is normal, but a learner should know that بالهاتف is another common option.

That is a good example of Arabic and English using definiteness differently.

In Arabic, expressions like عبر الهاتف or بالهاتف often use the definite article naturally, even when English would not say the.

So:

• عبر الهاتف is natural Arabic
• even though English usually says just by phone, not by the phone

This is something learners just have to get used to.

The order here is:

• verb: أرسل
• direct object: الرسالة
• prepositional/adverbial phrase: عبر الهاتف

So the pattern is:

Verb + object + phrase of means

This is a very normal Arabic sentence structure.

If it is the past tense reading, it would typically be:

أرسلَ الرسالةَ عبرَ الهاتفِ

Breakdown:

• أرسلَ = past verb
• الرسالةَ = direct object, so accusative
• عبرَ = here used as via/through
• الهاتفِ = genitive after عبر

In everyday reading, these short endings are often not pronounced fully, but in careful MSA they matter.

Because ر is a sun letter.

With the Arabic definite article الـ:

• if the next letter is a sun letter, the l sound is assimilated
• if it is a moon letter, the l stays

So:

• الرسالة is pronounced ar-risāla
• الهاتف is pronounced al-hātif

because ه is a moon letter, not a sun letter.

It can be understood, but the exact wording may change depending on what kind of message you mean.

• الرسالة can mean the message in a general sense
• if you specifically mean a text message, Arabic may say things like:
  • رسالة نصية = text message

Also, if the idea is simply send it by phone, this sentence is fine.
If you want to be more specific, Arabic often becomes more explicit than English.