هذه المركبة جديدة.

A careful MSA pronunciation is:

hādhihi al-markaba jadīdah

In full case-ending pronunciation, it can be:

hādhihi al-markabatu jadīdatun

A few notes:

• هذه = hādhihi
• المركبة = al-markaba
• جديدة = jadīdah

In normal speech, the short final case vowels are often not pronounced, so learners usually hear something closer to hādhihi al-markaba jadīdah.

هذه means this for a feminine singular noun.

Arabic demonstratives must agree with the noun in gender and number. Since المركبة is grammatically feminine, Arabic uses هذه, not هذا.

Compare:

• هذا كتاب = this book
• هذه مركبة = this vehicle

So the choice of هذه is about grammar, not natural gender.

It is grammatically feminine because it ends in ـة (the taa marbuuTa, ة), which is a very common marker of feminine nouns in Arabic.

So:

• مركبة = vehicle, craft, vessel
• Its grammatical gender is feminine
• Therefore words that refer to it, like هذه and جديدة, also appear in the feminine form

This does not mean the object is biologically female. It is just a grammatical category.

In Arabic, the present tense of to be is usually not expressed in simple sentences like this.

So:

• هذه المركبة جديدة literally looks like this the-vehicle new
• But the natural English meaning is This vehicle is new

This is a normal Arabic nominal sentence pattern:

• subject
  • predicate

Examples:

• البيت كبير = The house is big
• الجو جميل = The weather is nice
• هذه المركبة جديدة = This vehicle is new

If you want past or future, Arabic does use verbs such as كان.

Because المركبة is the noun the vehicle, while جديدة is the predicate adjective new in the sentence This vehicle is new.

In Arabic, when an adjective is part of the predicate of a sentence, it is usually indefinite:

• المركبة جديدة = The vehicle is new

But when an adjective directly modifies a noun inside one noun phrase, it matches the noun in definiteness:

• المركبة الجديدة = the new vehicle

So these are different:

• هذه المركبة جديدة = This vehicle is new
• هذه المركبة الجديدة = this new vehicle

That difference is very important.

Because the adjective must agree with the noun in gender.

Since المركبة is feminine singular, the adjective new also appears in the feminine singular form:

• masculine: جديد
• feminine: جديدة

So:

• كتاب جديد = a new book
• مركبة جديدة = a new vehicle

This is standard adjective agreement in Arabic.

In Arabic, adjectives normally come after the noun they describe.

So:

• مركبة جديدة = a new vehicle
• literally: vehicle new

This is the normal Arabic order, unlike English, where adjectives usually come before the noun.

In your sentence, جديدة comes after the noun phrase because it is the predicate adjective:

• هذه المركبة = this vehicle
• جديدة = new

A learner-friendly way to understand it is:

• هذه المركبة = this vehicle

So هذه is the demonstrative this, and المركبة identifies what this refers to.

In traditional grammar, المركبة is often analyzed as a substitute/appositive explanation of هذه. But for learning purposes, it is enough to treat the two together as one phrase meaning this vehicle.

Then the full sentence is:

• هذه المركبة = subject
• جديدة = predicate

So the whole sentence means This vehicle is new.

Yes, but it means something slightly different.

• هذه المركبة جديدة = This vehicle is new
• هذه مركبة جديدة = This is a new vehicle

Why?

In هذه المركبة جديدة, the noun is definite because of الـ, so you are talking about this specific vehicle, and then saying something about it.

In هذه مركبة جديدة, مركبة جديدة is indefinite: a new vehicle. So the sentence feels more like identifying something: This is a new vehicle.

Both are possible, but they are not exactly the same structure.

In fully vocalized formal grammar, the sentence is:

هَذِهِ الْمَرْكَبَةُ جَدِيدَةٌ

That gives:

• هَذِهِ
• الْمَرْكَبَةُ
• جَدِيدَةٌ

Why these endings?

• المركبةُ is part of the subject phrase
• جديدةٌ is the predicate
• Both are in the nominative in this simple nominal sentence

However, in most everyday reading and speech, these case endings are not written or pronounced fully, so learners usually see:

هذه المركبة جديدة

It is the feminine form of the adjective جديد meaning new.

You can recognize it because:

• it has a common adjective pattern
• it agrees with the noun in gender
• it works exactly like other Arabic adjectives

Examples:

• بيت جديد = a new house
• سيارة جديدة = a new car
• المركبة جديدة = the vehicle is new

In your sentence, it functions as a predicate adjective.

Not usually. مركبة is a broader and more formal word meaning something like:

• vehicle
• craft
• vessel

Depending on context, it could refer to a car, spacecraft, or other vehicle.

The everyday word for car is usually:

• سيارة

So:

• هذه السيارة جديدة = This car is new
• هذه المركبة جديدة = This vehicle is new

Using مركبة sounds a bit more general or formal.

Yes. Arabic has a lot of agreement.

Here, هذه and جديدة both match المركبة in being feminine singular.

So the pattern is:

• demonstrative agrees with the noun
• adjective/predicate also agrees with the noun

If the noun were masculine, you would change the forms:

• هذا الكتاب جديد = This book is new

If it were feminine:

• هذه المجلة جديدة = This magazine is new

So agreement is one of the key things to watch in Arabic sentences like this.