الفريق الآخر يخسر المباراة، والشوط ينتهي الآن.

In Arabic, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe.

So:

• الفريق = the team
• الآخر = the other

Together, الفريق الآخر means the other team.

This is the normal noun + adjective order in Arabic.

Because Arabic adjectives must agree with the noun in several ways, including definiteness.

Since الفريق is definite because it has الـ (the team), the adjective must also be definite:

• فريق آخر = another team / an other team
• الفريق الآخر = the other team

So the الـ on الآخر is not optional here.

الآخر means the other.

In this sentence, it describes الفريق, so الفريق الآخر means:

• the other team
• sometimes also understood as the opposing team, depending on context

It is an adjective here, not a standalone noun.

يخسر is the imperfect form of the verb خسر.

In Modern Standard Arabic, the imperfect can mean:

• loses
• is losing
• sometimes will lose, depending on context

So Arabic does not need a separate verb form like English is losing.
The surrounding context tells you which meaning is intended.

Here, because the sentence also has الآن (now), the meaning is clearly is losing.

Because Arabic usually does not use a separate word equivalent to English is in the present tense.

Instead, the verb itself carries the present meaning.

So:

• يخسر already means he loses / he is losing

Arabic does not need something like هو يكون يخسر for this.

المباراة means the match or the game, and here it is the direct object of يخسر.

So:

• يخسر المباراة = is losing the match

The subject is الفريق الآخر and the thing being lost is المباراة.

If fully vowelled, you would see the object case more clearly:

• الفريقُ الآخرُ يخسرُ المباراةَ

The final ـَ on المباراةَ shows it is the direct object.

The و means and.

So:

• والشوط = and the half / period

It joins the two parts of the sentence:

• الفريق الآخر يخسر المباراة
• والشوط ينتهي الآن

This is a very common way to connect clauses in Arabic.

الشوط often means half, period, round, or leg, depending on the sport.

In many sports contexts, الشوط can refer to:

• a half of a match
• a period
• sometimes a round

So in this sentence, it likely means something like the half or the period is ending now.

The exact English translation depends on the sport being discussed.

Both are possible, but they are structured a little differently.

الشوط ينتهي

This starts with the noun الشوط and then gives information about it.
This is a nominal sentence pattern:

• الشوط = the period/half
• ينتهي الآن = is ending now

This can feel a bit like: As for the period, it is ending now.

ينتهي الشوط

This starts with the verb, which is also very normal in Arabic.
It can feel a little more action-focused:

• ينتهي الشوط الآن = the period is ending now

So the version in your sentence is completely natural; it just begins with the noun.

Because ينتهي does not go with المباراة. It goes with الشوط.

In the second clause:

• الشوط = subject
• ينتهي = verb

And الشوط is masculine, so the verb is masculine.

Similarly, in the first clause:

• الفريق الآخر = subject
• يخسر = verb
• المباراة = object

So المباراة being feminine does not affect the verb there either.

ينتهي is the imperfect form of انتهى, which means to end or to come to an end.

So:

• انتهى = it ended / has ended
• ينتهي = it ends / is ending

In this sentence:

• الشوط ينتهي الآن = the period is ending now

This verb often describes something coming to its natural conclusion.

الآن means now, and placing it at the end is very natural in Arabic.

So:

• الشوط ينتهي الآن = the period is ending now

Arabic adverbs of time are often flexible in position, but putting الآن at the end is common and clear.

You could also see:

• الآن ينتهي الشوط
• الشوط الآن ينتهي

But الشوط ينتهي الآن is very straightforward and natural.

A fully vowelled version would be:

الفريقُ الآخرُ يخسرُ المباراةَ، والشوطُ ينتهي الآنَ.

This shows the grammatical endings more clearly:

• الفريقُ = subject, nominative
• الآخرُ = adjective matching the subject
• يخسرُ = imperfect verb
• المباراةَ = direct object, accusative
• الشوطُ = subject of the second clause, nominative
• ينتهي = imperfect verb
• الآنَ = adverb

In normal Arabic writing, these short vowels are usually omitted.

Yes. Arabic often allows both noun-first and verb-first order.

For example:

• يخسر الفريق الآخر المباراة، وينتهي الشوط الآن.

This is also grammatical.

Very roughly:

• الفريق الآخر يخسر المباراة puts a little more focus on the other team
• يخسر الفريق الآخر المباراة feels more like a straightforward verbal report: the other team is losing the match

Both are normal Arabic patterns.