هذه سنة جديدة.

This is a new year.

Breakdown of هذه سنة جديدة.

• هذه: this
• جديد: new
• سنة: year

Questions & Answers about هذه سنة جديدة.

Why does the sentence start with هذه and not هذا?

Because سنة is a feminine noun, and the demonstrative this has to match it.

• هذا = this for masculine nouns
• هذه = this for feminine nouns

So:

• هذه سنة = this is a year
• not هذا سنة

Arabic requires this kind of gender agreement.

How do I know that سنة is feminine?

A very common clue is the ending ـة (called taa marbuuTa).

• سنة ends in ـة
• nouns with ـة are very often feminine

So سنة is feminine, which is why both the demonstrative and the adjective must also be feminine:

• هذه → feminine
• جديدة → feminine

Why is جديدة feminine too?

Because adjectives in Arabic must agree with the noun they describe.

Here, جديدة describes سنة, so it matches it in:

• gender: feminine