هو مستأجر جديد.

In Arabic, the present-tense verb to be is usually omitted.

So Arabic says:

هو مستأجر جديد
literally something like he — a new tenant

but it means:

He is a new tenant.

This is normal in Arabic nominal sentences. If you wanted was, you would use a verb such as كان.

هو is the independent pronoun meaning he.

In this sentence, it is the subject of the sentence: he. It is not the word is.

So the structure is:

• هو = he
• مستأجر جديد = a new tenant

This is a nominal sentence (جملة اسمية), meaning a sentence that begins with a noun or pronoun rather than a verb.

A simple analysis is:

• هو = the topic/subject (مبتدأ)
• مستأجر جديد = the predicate/comment (خبر)

So the sentence is built as:

subject + description

Arabic does not have an indefinite article like English a/an.

Instead, a noun is usually indefinite simply because it does not have الـ attached to it.

So:

• مستأجر جديد = a new tenant
• المستأجر الجديد = the new tenant

In fully vocalized Arabic, indefiniteness is also often shown by tanween:

• مستأجرٌ جديدٌ

Because Arabic adjectives normally come after the noun they describe.

So:

• مستأجر جديد = new tenant
  • مستأجر = tenant
  • جديد = new

This is the normal Arabic order:

noun + adjective

not usually adjective + noun as in English.

Yes. In Arabic, an adjective normally agrees with the noun it describes in:

• gender
• number
• definiteness
• case in fully inflected MSA

Here both words are:

• masculine
• singular
• indefinite

So you get:

• مستأجر جديد

If the noun were feminine, you would change the adjective too:

• مستأجرة جديدة = a new female tenant

If the noun were definite:

• المستأجر الجديد = the new tenant

مستأجر usually means tenant or renter, depending on context.

It comes from the verb استأجر, which is related to renting or hiring. Literally, مستأجر is an active participle meaning something like one who rents.

In housing contexts, English often translates it as:

• tenant
• sometimes renter

So the exact best translation depends on the situation.

In fully vocalized Modern Standard Arabic, you would usually write:

هُوَ مُسْتَأْجِرٌ جَدِيدٌ

A careful pronunciation would be:

huwa mustaʔjirun jadīdun

In pause, the final short endings are often not pronounced, so it may sound more like:

huwa mustaʔjir jadīd

Both مستأجر and جديد are nominative here, which is why they take -un in fully inflected MSA.

It is pronounced approximately:

mustaʔjir

The ʔ represents a glottal stop, the sound of the break in the middle of uh-oh.

So you can think of it roughly as:

mus-ta-jir, with a small catch in the throat before the j sound.

The long vowel in جديد is easier:

jadīd

Sometimes in context, yes, but not as the normal full sentence if you specifically want to say He is a new tenant.

• هو مستأجر جديد = a full sentence meaning He is a new tenant
• مستأجر جديد by itself usually sounds more like a new tenant or a short elliptical answer

So if you are making a complete statement about he, keep هو.

You would say:

هي مستأجرة جديدة

Changes:

• هو → هي for she
• مستأجر → مستأجرة
• جديد → جديدة

This shows the feminine agreement that Arabic requires.