الاستاذ سأل كل طالب عن رايه بالمشروع، وبعدها طلب تقرير قصير.

It is mostly Standard Arabic / formal written Arabic, not strongly colloquial Levantine.

A Levantine speaker would understand it easily, but in everyday speech they might say something more like:

• الأستاذ سأل كل طالب عن رأيه بالمشروع، وبعدين طلب تقرير قصير.

The main formal-looking parts are things like:

• وبعدها instead of the more conversational وبعدين
• the overall sentence structure, which is neat and written-style

So this is a good sentence to learn because it is very natural in writing and still close to what people say in Levantine.

كل طالب means every student / each student.

In Arabic, كل is often followed by a singular noun when the meaning is distributive, meaning you are talking about members of a group one by one.

So:

• كل طالب = each student / every student
• كل الطلاب = all the students

Both are possible in Arabic, but they are not exactly the same:

• سأل كل طالب = he asked each student
• سأل كل الطلاب = he asked all the students

In this sentence, كل طالب fits well because the teacher asked students individually for their opinions.

Because سأل can take different patterns depending on the meaning.

Here you have:

• سأل فلانًا عن شيء = to ask someone about something

So:

• سأل كل طالب عن رأيه = he asked each student about his opinion

Compare:

• سألتُه سؤالًا = I asked him a question
• سألتُه عن المشروع = I asked him about the project

For English speakers, it helps to memorize this pattern:

• سأل + person + عن + topic

رأيه means his opinion.

It is made of:

• رأي = opinion
• ـه = his

So literally:

• رأيه = his opinion

This is an idafa-like possessive structure through a suffix pronoun, which is very common in Arabic.

Other examples:

• كتابه = his book
• اسمه = his name
• فكرته = his idea

In pronunciation, the ending ـه is the attached pronoun his.

Because the expression here is رأيه بالمشروع, which means his opinion on/about the project.

The بـ here gives the sense of regarding / concerning the project. In Levantine and in general Arabic usage, this is very common after words like opinion, idea, or view.

So:

• رأيه بالمشروع = his opinion about the project

You may also hear or see:

• رأيه في المشروع

Both are understandable. Very roughly:

• بالمشروع is extremely natural in Levantine-style usage
• في المشروع sounds a bit more standard/formal in many contexts

Because Arabic often leaves the subject understood when it is already clear from context.

In this sentence:

• الاستاذ سأل... وبعدها طلب...

The subject of طلب is still the professor/teacher. Arabic does not need to repeat الاستاذ again because the verb already continues the same storyline.

In English, we often repeat the subject:

• The teacher asked... and then he requested...

In Arabic, once the subject is established, it is very normal to continue with just the verb.

وبعدها means and after that / afterwards / then.

It is made of:

• و = and
• بعد = after
• ها = it / that

So literally, it is something like and after it/that.

In formal or written Arabic, وبعدها is very common.

In everyday Levantine speech, people often prefer:

• وبعدين = and then

So both work, but:

• وبعدها = a bit more formal/written
• وبعدين = more conversational

Because in Arabic, adjectives usually come after the noun.

So:

• تقرير = report
• قصير = short

Together:

• تقرير قصير = a short report

This is the normal noun + adjective order in Arabic.

Also, the adjective must match the noun in things like:

• definiteness
• gender
• number

Here both are indefinite:

• تقرير = a report
• قصير = short

If it were definite, it would be:

• التقرير القصير = the short report

Because in normal Arabic writing outside of fully vocalized texts, case endings are usually not written.

So you see:

• طالب
• قصير
• المشروع

instead of fully marked forms such as:

• طالبٍ
• قصيرًا
• المشروعِ or other case forms depending on the structure

This is completely normal. Native speakers usually read the correct grammar from context.

Also, in spoken Levantine, these case endings are generally not pronounced at all. So from a Levantine-learning point of view, the unvoweled version is exactly what you should expect to see most of the time.

A likely Levantine-style pronunciation would be close to:

• il-ustāz saʔal kill ṭāleb ʕan raʔyo bil-mashrūʕ, w baʕda / w baʕdein ṭalab taʔrīr ʔaṣīr

A few useful notes:

• الـ is often pronounced il- in Levantine
• ق in تقرير may be pronounced as a glottal stop in many urban accents: taʔrīr
• رأيه may sound like raʔyo or raʔyeh, depending on the speaker and dialect
• وبعدها in actual speech may be replaced by وبعدين

Pronunciation varies a lot across Levantine regions, so there is not just one single spoken form.

It can mean different things depending on context.

الأستاذ can mean:

• teacher
• professor
• sir / respected instructor

In many contexts, especially in schools or general educational settings, it can simply mean teacher. In university contexts, it may feel more like professor.

In Levantine speech, people also use أستاذ as a respectful way to address a man, not only in education.

So the exact English equivalent depends on the situation.

Yes, a more everyday spoken Levantine version might be slightly different. For example:

• الأستاذ سأل كل طالب عن رأيه بالمشروع، وبعدين طلب تقرير قصير.

Or even more conversationally, depending on the speaker:

• الأستاذ سأل كل واحد شو رأيه بالمشروع، وبعدين طلب تقرير قصير.

That second version changes the structure a bit:

• كل واحد = each one / everyone individually
• شو رأيه = what his opinion is

So the original sentence is perfectly good, but it leans a little more toward formal written Arabic than casual conversation.