صحابي رقصوا عالموسيقى.

Here it means my friends, so it is plural.

A very common point of confusion is this:

• صاحبي = my friend (singular)
• صحابي = my friends (plural, in everyday Levantine)

So in this sentence, صحابي is not one friend. It is a group of friends.

The ending -ي means my.

Arabic often shows possession by attaching a suffix directly to the noun instead of using a separate word like my.

So:

• صحاب = friends
• صحابي = my friends

The same idea appears in many other words:

• بيتي = my house
• كتابي = my book
• أهلي = my family / my parents / my people, depending on context

Because صحابي sounds more everyday and colloquial, which fits Levantine speech.

Compare:

• صحابي = my friends, casual spoken style
• أصدقائي = my friends, more formal / Standard Arabic

A native speaker in conversation is very likely to say صحابي.
A textbook or formal written sentence might prefer أصدقائي.

رقصوا means they danced.

It is a past tense verb, and the ending -وا shows that the subject is they.

So:

• رقص = he danced
• رقصوا = they danced

In this sentence, the they is referring to صحابي.

Because Arabic verbs already include that information.

In English, you need both:

• they danced

But in Arabic, رقصوا already means they danced, so a separate pronoun is usually unnecessary.

Since the sentence already has صحابي, the doer is clear.
Adding a separate pronoun would usually only happen for emphasis.

صحابي رقصوا is a very natural Levantine word order. It is similar to English:

• My friends danced

Putting the subject first is extremely common in spoken Levantine.

You may also hear verb-first structures in Arabic, but for a simple everyday statement, صحابي رقصوا sounds very normal.

If you said رقصوا صحابي, it could be understood, but it is less neutral in this context and not the most natural default way to say it.

عالموسيقى is basically:

• عَ الموسيقى
• which comes from على الموسيقى

In Levantine, على is often shortened in speech to عَ or علـ.

In informal writing, people often attach that reduced preposition to the next word, so:

• عالموسيقى = عَ الموسيقى

You might also see it written with a space:

• ع الموسيقى
• عَ الموسيقى

All of these point to the same spoken idea.

Yes, على often literally means on, but prepositions do not match perfectly from one language to another.

In this expression, رقصوا عالموسيقى, the natural English meaning is:

• They danced to the music

Arabic uses على here in a way that fits the idea of moving in time with music.
A word-for-word translation like danced on the music would sound unnatural in English, even though the Arabic is completely normal.

So this is a good example of how you should translate the meaning, not just each word separately.

A rough pronunciation would be:

s-haa-bi ra'-su 'al-muu-sii-'a

A slightly more detailed transliteration is:

ṣḥābi raʔṣu ʕal-mūsīʔa

A few useful notes:

• ع in عالموسيقى is a throat sound with no exact English equivalent.
• ق in many Levantine accents is pronounced like a glottal stop ʔ, so رقصوا often sounds more like ra'ṣu than raqasu.
• Exact pronunciation varies by country, city, and speaker.

This is clearly Levantine-style colloquial Arabic.

Clues include:

• صحابي as an everyday spoken word for my friends
• عالموسيقى as a colloquial reduced form instead of full على الموسيقى

A more formal / Standard Arabic version would be something like:

• أصدقائي رقصوا على الموسيقى

So the sentence you have is the kind of Arabic you are more likely to hear in actual conversation.

Often the noun would change, but the verb usually would not.

You could say:

• صحباتي رقصوا عالموسيقى = my female friends danced to the music

In everyday Levantine, the plural verb form رقصوا is commonly used for groups in general, and speakers usually do not keep a separate feminine plural verb form the way Standard Arabic does.

So the biggest likely change is:

• صحابي → صحباتي if you specifically want to say my female friends.