المغني غنى اغنية جديدة.

A natural Levantine-style pronunciation would be roughly:

il-mghanni ghanna ughniyye jdīde

You may also hear el- instead of il-, depending on the speaker.

A few quick notes:

• المغني → il-mghanni = the singer
• غنى → ghanna = sang
• اغنية / أغنية → ughniyye = song
• جديدة → jdīde = new

The fully marked spelling would often be written as المغنّي غنّى أغنية جديدة.

ال is the Arabic definite article, meaning the.

So:

• مغني = a singer / singer
• المغني = the singer

In Levantine, ال is usually pronounced il- or el-.

Arabic does not have a separate word for a / an the way English does.

So:

• اغنية = a song or just song
• اغنية جديدة = a new song

If you wanted the song, you would make it definite:

• الأغنية الجديدة = the new song

In Arabic, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe.

So:

• اغنية جديدة = literally song new
• natural English meaning: a new song

This is normal word order in Arabic.

Because اغنية is a feminine noun, and adjectives in Arabic must agree with the noun.

So:

• اغنية is feminine
• therefore the adjective is جديدة and not جديد

Compare:

• كتاب جديد = a new book
• اغنية جديدة = a new song

غنى is the past tense verb meaning sang.

In this sentence, it is:

• 3rd person
• singular
• masculine

So it means he sang.

Because the subject is المغني = the singer (masculine singular), the verb matches that.

Yes, they are related.

Both come from the same root connected with singing:

• غنى = he sang
• مغني = singer

So:

• غنى is a verb
• مغني is a noun

This is very common in Arabic: words from the same root are often clearly related in meaning.

The verb is really غنّى with a shadda on the ن, which means the n sound is doubled.

So it is pronounced more like:

• ghan-na not
• ghana

That doubled consonant is part of the verb form and changes the pattern of the word.

Yes. In Levantine Arabic, subject–verb–object is very common.

So:

• المغني غنى اغنية جديدة
  = The singer sang a new song

You could also hear verb-first order in Arabic:

• غنى المغني اغنية جديدة

But in everyday Levantine, starting with the subject is very natural.

غ is usually pronounced like a deep, throaty gh sound.

A good approximation for many English speakers is:

• similar to the French r
• or the German r in some accents

It is not like English g in go.

In this sentence, you hear it in:

• المغني
• غنى
• اغنية

Because in everyday Arabic typing, people often leave out some spelling details, especially hamza.

So:

• أغنية = more careful / standard spelling
• اغنية = very common informal spelling

Both point to the same word here. For a learner, it is good to recognize both.

Because in normal Arabic writing, short vowels are usually omitted, and in Levantine Arabic the formal case endings are not used in speech.

So learners usually see unvowelled writing like:

• المغني غنى اغنية جديدة

A more fully marked version would be:

• المغنّي غنّى أغنية جديدة

In everyday Levantine, people do not pronounce formal endings like -un or -an.

Then both the noun and the verb would change:

• المغنية غنت اغنية جديدة

Roughly:

• il-mghanniyye ghannat ughniyye jdīde

Changes:

• المغني → المغنية = the female singer
• غنى → غنت = she sang

The object اغنية جديدة stays the same.