ماما جابت شوية شوكولاتة من السوبرماركت.

Because ماما is feminine singular. In Egyptian Arabic, the past tense changes to match gender:

• جاب = he brought / he got
• جابت = she brought / she got

So the -ت at the end marks the feminine form here.

It can depend on context. In Egyptian Arabic, جاب / جابت is a very common everyday verb that can mean brought, got, fetched, and sometimes something close to bought, depending on the situation.

If you want to be specifically clear about bought, Egyptians can also use اشترت for she bought. But in normal speech, جابت is often used when the focus is on coming back with something.

In Egyptian Arabic, the letter ج is usually pronounced as g as in go. So جابت is pronounced roughly gabet or gaabet, not jabat.

This is one of the best-known pronunciation differences between Egyptian Arabic and some other varieties of Arabic.

شوية means some, a little, or a bit of. It is a very common Egyptian Arabic word used before mass nouns and plurals.

Here, it means some chocolate.
You will often hear it pronounced roughly as shwayya.

Because the phrase is indefinite: some chocolate, not the chocolate.

With شوية, Arabic usually uses an indefinite noun:

• شوية شوكولاتة = some chocolate
• شوية الشوكولاتة would sound more like some of the chocolate, referring to a specific known chocolate

So the lack of الـ is exactly what you would expect here.

Because شوكولاتة is often treated like a mass noun, similar to chocolate in English.

So:

• شوية شوكولاتة = some chocolate

Even if English might sometimes say some chocolates, Egyptian Arabic often keeps شوكولاتة in the singular form for the general substance or amount. If you really want to emphasize separate pieces, a plural like شوكولاتات can exist, but it is not necessary here.

Because Arabic can add the definite article الـ to loanwords too. So السوبرماركت simply means the supermarket.

There are two useful things to notice:

• It is still written with الـ
• Because the word starts with س, the article is pronounced with assimilation, so it sounds more like es-supermarket or es-subermarket

Also, many Egyptians pronounce p as b, so supermarket often sounds closer to subermarket.

The sentence uses a very common Egyptian Arabic word order:

subject + verb + object + prepositional phrase

So:

• ماما = subject
• جابت = verb
• شوية شوكولاتة = object
• من السوبرماركت = from the supermarket

Egyptian Arabic very often uses subject-first word order in everyday speech, even though learners may also see verb-first patterns in other kinds of Arabic.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

mama gabet shwayya shokolata men es-subermarket

A slightly more careful version is:

māma gābet šwayya šokolāta men es-sūbermārket

A few pronunciation notes:

• ج in جابت sounds like g
• شوية sounds roughly like shwayya
• الـ before س in السوبرماركت is pronounced es-
• p in loanwords often becomes b in Egyptian speech

In Egyptian Arabic, a very common way to negate a past-tense verb is with ما...ش around the verb:

ماما ماجابتش شوية شوكولاتة من السوبرماركت.

You may also see it written with a space:

ماما ما جابتش شوية شوكولاتة من السوبرماركت.

A more natural everyday negative might be:

ماما ماجابتش شوكولاتة من السوبرماركت.

That would mean Mom didn’t bring/get any chocolate from the supermarket.

Usually, in Egyptian Arabic, you can keep the same words and just use question intonation:

ماما جابت شوية شوكولاتة من السوبرماركت؟

Unlike English, you do not need an extra word like did. The sentence form often stays the same, and your tone shows that it is a question.