Moenie uit die bottel drink sonder om jou hande te was nie.

Moenie is the normal way to begin a negative command in Afrikaans. It means don’t.

So:

• Drink uit die bottel. = Drink from the bottle.
• Moenie uit die bottel drink nie. = Don’t drink from the bottle.

Historically, moenie comes from moet nie, but in modern standard Afrikaans it is normally written as the single word moenie in this kind of command.

Afrikaans normally uses double negation. In a negative command, you often get:

• Moenie ... nie

So in this sentence:

• Moenie = don’t
• final nie = completes the negation

That is why the sentence is not just Moenie uit die bottel drink sonder om jou hande te was. Standard Afrikaans wants the final nie too.

It is especially common in negative imperatives: telling someone not to do something.

Examples:

• Moenie hard praat nie. = Don’t speak loudly.
• Moenie hier sit nie. = Don’t sit here.

This is different from an ordinary negative statement, such as:

• Ek drink nie uit die bottel nie. = I do not drink from the bottle.

So yes, moenie ... nie is the pattern you should strongly associate with negative commands.

Uit often means out of or from. With containers, Afrikaans commonly uses uit where English might say from or out of.

So:

• uit die bottel drink = drink from/out of the bottle

This is very natural Afrikaans. A learner should think of uit here as the normal preposition for taking or consuming something from inside a container.

This is a very common Afrikaans pattern meaning without doing something.

Structure:

• sonder om + object/complements + te + infinitive

In your sentence:

• sonder om jou hande te was = without washing your hands

More examples:

• Hy het weggegaan sonder om te groet. = He left without greeting.
• Sy lees die brief sonder om iets te sê. = She reads the letter without saying anything.

So if you see sonder om ... te ..., you can usually translate it as without ...-ing.

Because this is the standard infinitive construction after sonder.

• om introduces the infinitive phrase
• te marks the infinitive before the main verb

So the pattern is not random; it is the normal grammar:

• sonder om te eet = without eating
• sonder om te dink = without thinking
• sonder om jou hande te was = without washing your hands

If there is an object, it usually goes before te:

• sonder om jou hande te was

That word order is normal.

Because the sentence means your hands, not just the hands.

• jou = your

In Afrikaans, a possessive like jou usually replaces the article:

• jou hande = your hands
• not die jou hande

That is the same basic idea as in English: we say your hands, not the your hands.

Yes. The singular is:

• hand = hand

The plural is:

• hande = hands

That is a common plural form, though it may feel a little irregular if you were expecting hands-type logic from English. In this sentence, the plural is used because the normal idea is that you wash both hands.

Yes, this can be confusing for English speakers.

In Afrikaans:

• was = wash

So:

• jou hande was = wash your hands
• te was = to wash / washing

This was is a present/base-form verb, not a past tense like English was.

In Afrikaans infinitive constructions with te, the object usually comes before te if it belongs with the verb.

So:

• jou hande te was = to wash your hands

This is the natural order.

Compare:

• Ek probeer die deur oopmaak. = I try to open the door.
• sonder om die deur oop te maak = without opening the door

The object or complement often comes before te, and the infinitive verb comes after te.

Yes, the phrase can be moved, because it is an adverbial phrase.

For example, you could also say:

• Moenie sonder om jou hande te was uit die bottel drink nie.

That still means the same thing: Don’t drink from the bottle without washing your hands.

The original version is very natural, but Afrikaans often allows this kind of movement. The final nie still stays at the end.

It is informal or neutral everyday speech directed at someone as you singular/plural in an ordinary context.

• jou = your / you (informal)
• u = your / you (formal, polite)

So a more formal version might use u, but in everyday instructions, warnings, or speech, jou is very common.

Yes, that is the usual implication.

• uit die bottel drink suggests putting the bottle to your mouth and drinking from it directly, rather than pouring it into a glass first.

That is why the warning makes sense in context: it sounds like a hygiene instruction.

Because sonder om jou hande te was is just part of the sentence, not a separate clause that needs to be set off with a comma here.

Afrikaans punctuation is similar to English in this respect: a phrase like without washing your hands usually does not need a comma in a simple sentence like this.

So the sentence is correctly written without one.