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### The stative passive (Zustandspassiv)

When preparing for a big event, you usually focus on the final result of a task rather than the ongoing process. To describe a completed state, German uses the **stative passive** (Zustandspassiv).

Form it by combining a conjugated form of **sein** (to be) with the **past participle** of your main verb. In a standard main clause, the conjugated verb takes the second position, and the past participle goes at the very end.

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### Asking questions about completed tasks

To ask a yes/no question, move the conjugated form of **sein** to the beginning of the sentence. The past participle stays at the end.

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### Word order with "ob"

In subordinate clauses, such as those starting with **ob** (if/whether), the conjugated form of **sein** goes to the very end of the sentence, right after the past participle.

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### Describing other fixed states

The stative passive is common for describing any fixed condition or result, such as whether tickets are still available.

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Stative passive (sein + past participle)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Question	Answer
the preparation	die Vorbereitung
to get done	erledigen
Are all preparations for the party done?	Sind alle Vorbereitungen für die Party erledigt?
Fortunately, everything is already done.	Zum Glück ist alles schon erledigt.
the hall	der Saal
to decorate	schmücken
The hall is beautifully decorated.	Der Saal ist wunderschön geschmückt.
Do you know if the hall is decorated for tonight?	Weißt du, ob der Saal für heute Abend geschmückt ist?
to set (the table)	decken
The table in the living room is not set yet.	Der Tisch im Wohnzimmer ist noch nicht gedeckt.
the tablecloth	die Tischdecke
to iron	bügeln
Is the white tablecloth already ironed?	Ist die weiße Tischdecke schon gebügelt?
My shirt is washed, but it is not ironed yet.	Mein Hemd ist gewaschen, aber es ist noch nicht gebügelt.
Is the table set for dinner?	Ist der Tisch für das Abendessen gedeckt?
to get (procure)	besorgen
The drinks for the festival are taken care of.	Die Getränke für das Festival sind besorgt.
Are you asking if the gift is already taken care of?	Fragst du, ob das Geschenk schon besorgt ist?
to distribute	verteilen
The invitations are distributed to all guests.	Die Einladungen sind an alle Gäste verteilt.
He asks if the tasks are distributed well.	Er fragt, ob die Aufgaben gut verteilt sind.
to sell out	ausverkaufen
The concert tomorrow is unfortunately already sold out.	Das Konzert morgen ist leider schon ausverkauft.
Are all tickets sold out?	Sind alle Tickets ausverkauft?
It is raining, but the hall is decorated and we are ready.	Es regnet, aber der Saal ist geschmückt und wir sind fertig.
The white tablecloth is dirty, therefore the table is not set.	Die weiße Tischdecke ist schmutzig, deshalb ist der Tisch nicht gedeckt.
The preparation for the wedding is already done.	Die Vorbereitung für die Hochzeit ist schon erledigt.
firm, fixed	fest
The appointment is fixed now.	Der Termin ist jetzt fest.
The door was firmly shut.	Die Tür war fest geschlossen.
open	offen
The door was open all day.	Die Tür war den ganzen Tag offen.
He is an open person.	Er ist ein offener Mensch.

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