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When describing plural nouns, the adjective ending depends on the specific quantity word before it. We divide these into two groups: those that trigger **strong** endings and those that trigger **weak** endings.

### Strong endings with viele, einige, and mehrere

Words like **viele** (many), **einige** (some), and **mehrere** (several) behave like regular adjectives. Without a definite article (like *die*) to show the grammatical case, the descriptive adjective that follows must do the heavy lifting.

In the nominative and accusative plural, adjectives following these words take the strong ending **-e**.

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### Weak endings with alle and beide

Words like **alle** (all) and **beide** (both) act like definite articles. They communicate the case on their own.

Because the case is clear, the descriptive adjective gets to relax and takes the weak plural ending **-en**.

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### Summary of plural endings

Here is a quick comparison for the nominative and accusative plural:

| Preceding Word | Adjective Ending | Example |
|---|---|---|
| **viele, einige, mehrere** | **-e** | viele klein**e** Verlage |
| **alle, beide** | **-en** | alle groß**en** Verlage |

Plural adjective declension (alle, viele)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Question	Answer
the publisher	der Verlag
the book fair	die Buchmesse
Many small publishers visit the book fair.	Viele kleine Verlage besuchen die Buchmesse.
All big publishers are coming to the book fair.	Alle großen Verlage kommen auf die Buchmesse.
the new release	die Neuerscheinung
We bought all important new releases.	Wir haben alle wichtigen Neuerscheinungen gekauft.
The publisher showed some colorful new releases.	Der Verlag zeigte einige bunte Neuerscheinungen.
the non-fiction book	das Sachbuch
the title	der Titel
Some good non-fiction books have a long title.	Einige gute Sachbücher haben einen langen Titel.
He bought several thick non-fiction books.	Er kaufte mehrere dicke Sachbücher.
the visitor	der Besucher
the copy (specimen, of a publication)	das Exemplar
The visitor whom I know is buying all new copies.	Der Besucher, den ich kenne, kauft alle neuen Exemplare.
the writer	der Schriftsteller
The visitor sees several well-known writers.	Der Besucher sieht mehrere bekannte Schriftsteller.
She bought both thick non-fiction books about the topic that I find exciting.	Sie kaufte beide dicken Sachbücher über das Thema, das ich spannend finde.
Many young visitors discovered the non-fiction book.	Viele junge Besucher entdeckten das Sachbuch.
The writer reads all old novels.	Der Schriftsteller liest alle alten Romane.
I am taking both expensive copies.	Ich nehme beide teuren Exemplare.
The writer showed several exciting titles.	Der Schriftsteller hat mehrere spannende Titel gezeigt.
to leaf through	blättern
Many curious visitors are leafing through the book.	Viele neugierige Besucher blättern im Buch.
the literature	die Literatur
Many young visitors leaf through the books and look for good literature.	Viele junge Besucher blättern in den Büchern und suchen gute Literatur.
All well-known writers love this literature.	Alle bekannten Schriftsteller lieben diese Literatur.