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### The near future (le futur proche)

To talk about things that are going to happen soon or future plans, French uses the near future tense (*le futur proche*). Just like in English, it is formed by combining the present tense of **aller** (to go) with the infinitive (the dictionary form) of the main action verb.

Here is a quick reminder of how to conjugate **aller**:

| Subject | aller (to go) |
|---|---|
| je | vais |
| tu | vas |
| il / elle / on | va |
| nous | allons |
| vous | allez |
| ils / elles | vont |

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If the main verb is reflexive, the reflexive pronoun still needs to match the subject. Place the reflexive pronoun directly before the infinitive.

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### Negation in the near future

To make a near future sentence negative, place the two parts of the negation (like **ne ... pas** or **ne ... jamais**) around the conjugated verb (**aller**). The infinitive stays outside the negation.

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### Asking questions about the future

When asking questions in the near future, question words (like *où*, *quand*, or *à quelle heure*) can be placed at the beginning or the end of the sentence.

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### The verb *passer*

The verb **passer** has a few different meanings depending on the context. In the near future, you will often see it used to express spending time or taking an exam.

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The near future (aller + infinitive)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and elision (le, la, l')

Indefinite articles (un, une)

Identifying vs. describing (c'est vs. il est)

Feminine adjective agreement (+e)

Plural pronouns and 'to be' (nous sommes, vous êtes)

Formal and informal you (tu vs. vous)

Plural nouns and indefinite articles (des... -s)

Plural definite articles (les)

Plural adjective agreement (+s)

Stressed pronouns (moi, toi, lui)

The verb "to have" singular (j'ai, tu as, il a)

The verb "to have" plural (nous avons, vous avez, ils ont)

There is / there are (il y a)

Basic verbal negation (ne... pas)

Negating "there is" (il n'y a pas de)

Regular -er verbs singular (je parle, tu parles, il parle)

Regular -er verbs plural (nous parlons, vous parlez, ils parlent)

The verb "to be called" (s'appeler)

Yes/no questions with intonation (Tu parles ?)

Yes/no questions with "Est-ce que" (Est-ce que tu parles ?)

Informal questions (qui, que, quoi)

Standard questions (est-ce que)

Singular possessives (mon, ton, son)

Plural possessives (notre, votre, leur)

Demonstrative adjectives (ce, cet, cette, ces)

Adjective placement

Numbers 1 to 20

Numbers 21 to 100

Age and physical states (avoir)

The verb to go (aller)

The preposition to/at (à, au, aux)

Question word for location (où)

Prepositions for cities and countries (à, en, au, aux)

The verb to come (venir)

The preposition from/of (de, du, des)

Question word for origin (d'où)

The verb to do/make (faire)

Days of the week (lundi, mardi)

Telling time (il est... heure)

Question words for time (quand, à quelle heure)

The verb to take or have (prendre)

The verb to drink (boire)

Partitive articles (du, de la, de l')

Zero quantity (pas de)

Expressions of quantity (un peu de, beaucoup de)

Asking how much or how many (combien, combien de)

Very vs. a lot (très, beaucoup)

The verb to want (vouloir)

Polite requests (je voudrais)

The verb to be able to (pouvoir)

Obligation (devoir)

General obligation (il faut)

Why and because (pourquoi, parce que)

Expressing purpose (pour)

Reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nous, vous)

Daily routine verbs (se lever, s'habiller)

Adverbs of frequency (parfois, rarement)

Never (ne... jamais)

Regular -ir verbs (choisir, finir)

Regular -re verbs (attendre, répondre)

Irregular -ir verbs (sortir, partir, dormir)

Informal 'we' (on)

The imperative mood

Direct object pronouns (le, la, les, l')

The recent past (venir de + infinitive)

The passé composé with avoir

Irregular past participles (eu, été, fait, pris, vu)

The passé composé with être

The negative passé composé (ne ... pas)

Saying goodbye

Please, sorry and thank you

Which / what (quel)

The indefinite adjective (tout, tous)

Irregular feminine adjectives (-euse, -ve)

Double consonant adjectives (-enne, -ette)

Feminine adjective endings (-ère, -trice)

Irregular plurals (-x)

Plurals ending in -al (-aux)

Present tense stem changes (e to è)

Accent stem changes (é to è)

Double consonant verbs (appeler, jeter)

Verbs ending in -yer (payer, envoyer)

Irregular communication verbs (dire, lire)

Irregular action verbs (écrire, mettre)

Knowing facts vs. familiarity (savoir, connaître)

Question	Answer
to celebrate	fêter
the birthday (m)	l'anniversaire
I am going to celebrate my birthday tomorrow.	Je vais fêter mon anniversaire demain.
Where are you going to celebrate his birthday?	Vous allez fêter son anniversaire où ?
to get married	se marier
They are going to get married next month.	Ils vont se marier le mois prochain.
Are you going to get married soon?	Est-ce que tu vas te marier bientôt ?
to move (houses)	déménager
We are going to move to Paris.	Nous allons déménager à Paris.
When are you going to move?	Vous allez déménager quand ?
to rent	louer
She is going to rent a bright apartment.	Elle va louer un appartement clair.
We are never going to rent this house.	Nous n'allons jamais louer cette maison.
to sell	vendre
They are going to sell the restaurant.	Ils vont vendre le restaurant.
the boat	le bateau
I am going to buy a small boat.	Je vais acheter un petit bateau.
He is not going to sell his boat.	Il ne va pas vendre son bateau.
the trip	le voyage
to take a trip	faire un voyage
You are going to organize a beautiful trip.	Vous allez organiser un beau voyage.
I am going to take a trip to Spain.	Je vais faire un voyage en Espagne.
to meet	rencontrer
I am going to meet the new boss.	Je vais rencontrer le nouveau chef.
At what time are you going to meet the clients?	Vous allez rencontrer les clients à quelle heure ?
to spend (time) / to take (an exam)	passer
You are going to spend the weekend with us.	Tu vas passer le week-end avec nous.
She is going to take a difficult exam.	Elle va passer un examen difficile.
happy new year	bonne année
Happy new year! We are going to celebrate together.	Bonne année ! Nous allons fêter ensemble.
I am going to wish my parents a happy new year.	Je vais dire bonne année à mes parents.
I am taking a trip to France.	Je fais un voyage en France.
We are taking a trip by train.	Nous faisons un voyage en train.
merry Christmas	joyeux Noël
Merry Christmas, madam!	Joyeux Noël, Madame !
The children are going to say merry Christmas.	Les enfants vont dire joyeux Noël.
the love (m)	l'amour
They are going to marry for love.	Ils vont se marier par amour.
It is a beautiful love story.	C'est une belle histoire d'amour.

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