Relative clauses with prepositions (à qui, avec qui)

In English, it is very common to end a sentence with a dangling preposition, such as "The man you are going out with." In French, prepositions can never be left dangling at the end of a clause. They must always come immediately before the relative pronoun.

Preposition + qui

When you want to link a relative clause to a person using a preposition, use the structure preposition + qui (meaning with whom, to whom, for whom, etc.).

For example, if you are talking about a partner you get along with (avec), you must phrase it as the partner with whom you get along:

He is the partner you are going to get along well with.
C'est le partenaire avec qui tu vas bien t'entendre.
The man you are going out with is very attractive.
L'homme avec qui tu sors est très attirant.

This rule applies identically to verbs that take the preposition à (to). Instead of the woman you are talking to, she becomes the woman to whom you are talking:

The woman you are talking to has a beautiful personality.
La femme à qui tu parles a une belle personnalité.

Using Other Prepositions

You can use this exact same pattern with almost any preposition when describing people, such as pour (for), chez (at the home of), or sans (without).

She is looking for a romantic partner for whom humor is a criterion.
Elle cherche un partenaire romantique pour qui l'humour est un critère.
The boy at whose house we are eating is attractive.
Le garçon chez qui nous mangeons est attirant.
She is the woman he cannot live without.
C'est la femme sans qui il ne peut pas vivre.

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