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### Present tense stem changes (e to è)

In French, some regular **-er** verbs have a slight spelling change in the present tense. If a verb has an unaccented **e** before the final consonant of its stem, that **e** changes to an **è** for most pronouns.

The only exceptions are **nous** and **vous**, which keep the original unaccented **e**. Here is the conjugation for **acheter** (to buy):

| Pronoun | Form |
|---|---|
| **je** | j'ach**è**te |
| **tu** | tu ach**è**tes |
| **il / elle / on** | il ach**è**te |
| **nous** | nous ach**e**tons |
| **vous** | vous ach**e**tez |
| **ils / elles** | ils ach**è**tent |

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This pattern applies to several other common verbs, such as **se promener** (to take a walk), **emmener** (to take someone), **amener** (to bring someone), **enlever** (to take off), and **geler** (to freeze).

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You can also use these verbs with common shopping vocabulary like **une caisse** (a checkout), **un panier** (a basket), and **une liste** (a list):

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Present tense stem changes (e to è)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular 'to be' and indefinite articles (je suis un...)

Singular definite articles (le, la, l')

Identifying vs. describing (c'est vs. il est)

Feminine adjective agreement (+e)

Plural pronouns and 'to be' (nous sommes, vous êtes)

Formal and informal you (tu vs. vous)

Plural nouns and indefinite articles (des... -s)

Plural definite articles (les)

Plural adjective agreement (+s)

Stressed pronouns (moi, toi, lui)

The verb "to have" singular (j'ai, tu as, il a)

The verb "to have" plural (nous avons, vous avez, ils ont)

There is / there are (il y a)

Basic verbal negation (ne... pas)

Negating "there is" (il n'y a pas de)

Regular -er verbs singular (je parle, tu parles, il parle)

Regular -er verbs plural (nous parlons, vous parlez, ils parlent)

The verb "to be called" (s'appeler)

Yes/no questions with intonation (Tu parles ?)

Yes/no questions with "Est-ce que" (Est-ce que tu parles ?)

Informal questions (qui, que, quoi)

Standard questions (est-ce que)

Singular possessives (mon, ton, son)

Plural possessives (notre, votre, leur)

Demonstrative adjectives (ce, cet, cette, ces)

Adjective placement

Numbers 1 to 20

Numbers 21 to 100

Age and physical states (avoir)

The verb to go (aller)

The preposition to/at (à, au, aux)

Question word for location (où)

Prepositions for cities and countries (à, en, au, aux)

The verb to come (venir)

The preposition from/of (de, du, des)

Question word for origin (d'où)

The verb to do/make (faire)

Days of the week (lundi, mardi)

Telling time (il est... heure)

Question words for time (quand, à quelle heure)

The verb to take or have (prendre)

The verb to drink (boire)

Partitive articles (du, de la, de l')

Zero quantity (pas de)

Expressions of quantity (un peu de, beaucoup de)

Asking how much or how many (combien, combien de)

Very vs. a lot (très, beaucoup)

The verb to want (vouloir)

Polite requests (je voudrais)

The verb to be able to (pouvoir)

Obligation (devoir)

General obligation (il faut)

Why and because (pourquoi, parce que)

Expressing purpose (pour)

Reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nous, vous)

Daily routine verbs (se lever, s'habiller)

Adverbs of frequency (parfois, rarement)

Never (ne... jamais)

Regular -ir verbs (choisir, finir)

Regular -re verbs (attendre, répondre)

Irregular -ir verbs (sortir, partir, dormir)

Informal 'we' (on)

The imperative mood

Direct object pronouns (le, la, les, l')

The near future (aller + infinitive)

The recent past (venir de + infinitive)

The passé composé with avoir

Irregular past participles (eu, été, fait, pris, vu)

The passé composé with être

The negative passé composé (ne ... pas)

Saying goodbye

Please, sorry and thank you

Which / what (quel)

The indefinite adjective (tout, tous)

Irregular feminine adjectives (-euse, -ve)

Double consonant adjectives (-enne, -ette)

Feminine adjective endings (-ère, -trice)

Irregular plurals (-x)

Plurals ending in -al (-aux)

Accent stem changes (é to è)

Double consonant verbs (appeler, jeter)

Verbs ending in -yer (payer, envoyer)

Irregular communication verbs (dire, lire)

Irregular action verbs (écrire, mettre)

Knowing facts vs. familiarity (savoir, connaître)

Question	Answer
I am buying a cake for dessert.	J'achète un gâteau pour le dessert.
the aisle / the department	le rayon
She is buying vegetables in this large aisle.	Elle achète des légumes dans ce grand rayon.
the shop / the boutique	la boutique
They are taking a walk in front of the new shop.	Ils se promènent devant la nouvelle boutique.
to take (someone)	emmener
Where are you taking me today?	Où est-ce que tu m'emmènes aujourd'hui ?
I am taking my dog to the park.	J'emmène mon chien au parc.
to bring (someone)	amener
He is bringing his friend to the party tonight.	Il amène son ami à la fête ce soir.
They are bringing a friend to the supermarket.	Elles amènent un ami au supermarché.
to remove / to take off	enlever
You take off your coat because it is hot.	Tu enlèves ton manteau parce qu'il fait chaud.
I am taking off my jacket in the living room.	J'enlève ma veste dans le salon.
to freeze	geler
It often freezes in this region.	Il gèle souvent dans cette région.
It is freezing in this small village.	Il gèle dans ce petit village.
I am taking a walk in the neighborhood.	Je me promène dans le quartier.
the checkout / the till	la caisse
The seller weighs the vegetables at the checkout.	Le vendeur pèse les légumes à la caisse.
I am buying this book and I am going to the checkout.	J'achète ce livre et je vais à la caisse.
towards	vers
the list	la liste
She is walking towards the boutique with her list.	Elle se promène vers la boutique avec sa liste.
the basket	le panier
I am buying a basket in this aisle.	J'achète un panier dans ce rayon.
I take my brother towards the supermarket with a list and a basket.	J'emmène mon frère vers le supermarché avec une liste et un panier.

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