Meaning-changing adjectives

In French, most adjectives are placed after the noun they describe. However, a select group of adjectives can be placed either before or after the noun. When their position changes, their meaning changes entirely!

As a general rule, placing the adjective before the noun gives it a figurative, subjective, or emotional meaning. Placing it after the noun gives it a literal, objective, or physical meaning.

Ancien and Grand

When placed before the noun, ancien means "former," but after the noun, it means "ancient" or "old." Similarly, grand before a noun means "great" or "eminent," whereas after a noun it means "tall" physically.

My former colleague is a tall man.
Mon ancien collègue est un homme grand.
He was a great man during his youth.
C'était un grand homme pendant sa jeunesse.
We visited an ancient monastery during this period.
Nous avons visité un monastère ancien pendant cette période.

Cher and Brave

Cher before a noun means "dear" or "beloved." After a noun, it refers to price and means "expensive." Brave before a noun means "good" or "decent" (as in a good fellow), but after a noun, it means "brave" or "courageous."

My dear friend told me an unforgettable story.
Mon cher ami m'a raconté une histoire inoubliable.
He bought a very expensive historic portrait.
Il a acheté un portrait historique très cher.
I believe that he was a good man.
Je crois que c'était un brave homme.
I do not think that he is the bravest king of the era.
Je ne pense pas qu'il soit le roi le plus brave de l'époque.

Curieux and Pur

If you place curieux before a noun, it means "peculiar" or "strange." After a noun, it means "inquisitive." Pur placed before a noun means "sheer" or "absolute," while after a noun, it means "pure" or "unmixed."

It is a peculiar portrait of my own youth.
C'est un curieux portrait de ma propre jeunesse.
This curious child always asks unforgettable questions.
Cet enfant curieux pose toujours des questions inoubliables.
Our relationship is a sheer coincidence.
Notre relation est un pur hasard.
They drink pure water in the historic monastery.
Ils boivent de l'eau pure dans le monastère historique.

Propre

The adjective propre is one of the most common meaning-changers. Before a noun, it means "own." After a noun, it means "clean." Notice how both meanings can even appear in the exact same sentence:

My own room is the least clean.
Ma propre chambre est la moins propre.