Concession (même si)

When navigating treacherous waters, conditions are rarely ideal. To talk about coastguards and lighthouses guiding ships through the storm, we need vocabulary for the sea, as well as the grammar to express pushing forward despite obstacles.

the lighthouse
le phare
the coastguard
le garde-côte

Concession with même si

To express "even if," use the phrase même si. It introduces a concession or a hypothetical condition that does not prevent the main action from happening. Like standard si (if), même si is always followed by the indicative mood, not the subjunctive.

Even if the night is dark, we see the beam.
Même si la nuit est sombre, on voit le faisceau.

Remember that si drops its i and contracts to s' before the pronouns il and ils (but not before elle, on, or other vowels).

Even if he is tired, the coastguard is going to keep watch.
Même s'il est fatigué, le garde-côte va veiller.

Sentence Placement

When a même si clause starts a sentence, it is followed by a comma.

Even if the captain sees the reef, he cannot avoid the shipwreck.
Même si le capitaine voit le récif, il ne peut pas éviter le naufrage.

You can also place même si in the middle of a sentence. In this case, no comma is needed.

The rescue takes place even if the storm breaks.
Le sauvetage a lieu même si l'orage éclate.

Expressing Cause with comme

While même si introduces a condition that fails to stop an event, you will often need to express a condition that causes an event (such as bad weather halting a voyage). To say "since" or "as," use comme.

Like même si, comme uses the indicative mood. It is almost always placed at the very beginning of the sentence.

As the ocean is rough, the rescue is dangerous.
Comme l'océan est agité, le sauvetage est dangereux.
Since the sea is rough, they refuse to face the wind.
Comme la mer est agitée, ils refusent d'affronter le vent.