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### Asking and Telling Age

In French, you don't *be* an age—you *have* years. Express age using the verb **avoir** (to have) + a number + **ans** (years). To ask someone's age, you literally ask what age they have:

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Use **seulement** (only) to emphasize a young age or a small amount:

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### Physical States

French also uses **avoir** instead of *être* (to be) for many common physical states. Instead of being hungry or thirsty, you literally "have hunger" (**avoir faim**) and "have thirst" (**avoir soif**). 

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The same applies to being afraid (**avoir peur**) and being sleepy (**avoir sommeil**):

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When talking about a person's physical sensation of temperature, use **avoir** with **froid** (cold) and **chaud** (hot):

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Age and physical states (avoir)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular 'to be' and indefinite articles (je suis un...)

Singular definite articles (le, la, l')

Identifying vs. describing (c'est vs. il est)

Feminine adjective agreement (+e)

Plural pronouns and 'to be' (nous sommes, vous êtes)

Formal and informal you (tu vs. vous)

Plural nouns and indefinite articles (des... -s)

Plural definite articles (les)

Plural adjective agreement (+s)

Stressed pronouns (moi, toi, lui)

The verb "to have" singular (j'ai, tu as, il a)

The verb "to have" plural (nous avons, vous avez, ils ont)

There is / there are (il y a)

Basic verbal negation (ne... pas)

Negating "there is" (il n'y a pas de)

Regular -er verbs singular (je parle, tu parles, il parle)

Regular -er verbs plural (nous parlons, vous parlez, ils parlent)

The verb "to be called" (s'appeler)

Yes/no questions with intonation (Tu parles ?)

Yes/no questions with "Est-ce que" (Est-ce que tu parles ?)

Informal questions (qui, que, quoi)

Standard questions (est-ce que)

Singular possessives (mon, ton, son)

Plural possessives (notre, votre, leur)

Demonstrative adjectives (ce, cet, cette, ces)

Adjective placement

Numbers 1 to 20

Numbers 21 to 100

The verb to go (aller)

The preposition to/at (à, au, aux)

Question word for location (où)

Prepositions for cities and countries (à, en, au, aux)

The verb to come (venir)

The preposition from/of (de, du, des)

Question word for origin (d'où)

The verb to do/make (faire)

Days of the week (lundi, mardi)

Telling time (il est... heure)

Question words for time (quand, à quelle heure)

The verb to take or have (prendre)

The verb to drink (boire)

Partitive articles (du, de la, de l')

Zero quantity (pas de)

Expressions of quantity (un peu de, beaucoup de)

Asking how much or how many (combien, combien de)

Very vs. a lot (très, beaucoup)

The verb to want (vouloir)

Polite requests (je voudrais)

The verb to be able to (pouvoir)

Obligation (devoir)

General obligation (il faut)

Why and because (pourquoi, parce que)

Expressing purpose (pour)

Reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nous, vous)

Daily routine verbs (se lever, s'habiller)

Adverbs of frequency (parfois, rarement)

Never (ne... jamais)

Regular -ir verbs (choisir, finir)

Regular -re verbs (attendre, répondre)

Irregular -ir verbs (sortir, partir, dormir)

Informal 'we' (on)

The imperative mood

Direct object pronouns (le, la, les, l')

The near future (aller + infinitive)

The recent past (venir de + infinitive)

The passé composé with avoir

Irregular past participles (eu, été, fait, pris, vu)

The passé composé with être

The negative passé composé (ne ... pas)

Saying goodbye

Please, sorry and thank you

Which / what (quel)

The indefinite adjective (tout, tous)

Irregular feminine adjectives (-euse, -ve)

Double consonant adjectives (-enne, -ette)

Feminine adjective endings (-ère, -trice)

Irregular plurals (-x)

Plurals ending in -al (-aux)

Present tense stem changes (e to è)

Accent stem changes (é to è)

Double consonant verbs (appeler, jeter)

Verbs ending in -yer (payer, envoyer)

Irregular communication verbs (dire, lire)

Irregular action verbs (écrire, mettre)

Knowing facts vs. familiarity (savoir, connaître)

Question	Answer
which / what (adjective)	quel
the age (m)	l'âge
How old are you?	Tu as quel âge ?
How old are these children?	Quel âge est-ce que ces enfants ont ?
the year (m)	l'an
I am twenty years old.	J'ai vingt ans.
the baby	le bébé
only	seulement
This baby is only one year old.	Ce bébé a seulement un an.
We only have three children.	Nous avons seulement trois enfants.
already	déjà
the hunger	la faim
to be hungry	avoir faim
Are you already hungry?	Est-ce que tu as déjà faim ?
No, I am not hungry now.	Non, je n'ai pas faim maintenant.
the thirst	la soif
to be thirsty	avoir soif
The boys are very thirsty.	Les garçons ont très soif.
We are hungry and thirsty!	Nous avons faim et soif !
the fear	la peur
to be afraid	avoir peur
Why are you afraid?	Pourquoi est-ce que vous avez peur ?
The baby is not afraid.	Le bébé n'a pas peur.
the sleep / the sleepiness	le sommeil
to be cold (person)	avoir froid
to be hot (person)	avoir chaud
to be sleepy	avoir sommeil
I am sleepy because I am tired.	J'ai sommeil parce que je suis fatigué.
They are already sleepy.	Elles ont déjà sommeil.
Are you cold here?	Tu as froid ici ?
We are very hot in this bedroom.	Nous avons très chaud dans cette chambre.
I am hot in this kitchen.	J'ai chaud dans cette cuisine.
The children are hot in the store.	Les enfants ont chaud dans le magasin.
The baby is cold in the bedroom.	Le bébé a froid dans la chambre.
We are cold in this house.	Nous avons froid dans cette maison.
to feel like, to want	avoir envie de
I feel like a coffee.	J'ai envie d'un café.
She feels like dancing.	Elle a envie de danser.
to be right	avoir raison
You are right!	Tu as raison !
The teacher is always right.	Le professeur a toujours raison.
to be wrong	avoir tort
He is wrong, that is not true.	Il a tort, ce n'est pas vrai.
You are wrong, sir.	Vous avez tort, Monsieur.

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