Breakdown of Tiedän, että kamppailijat luottavat toinen toiseensa.
tietää
to know
toinen
other, another; second
että
that (conjunction)
luottaa
to trust
kamppailija
the martial artist
Questions & Answers about Tiedän, että kamppailijat luottavat toinen toiseensa.
We learned earlier that "each other" can be translated as toisiinsa. Why does this sentence use toinen toiseensa?
Both mean "each other", but toinen toiseensa is a more formal, distributive way to express it. It translates essentially as "one to another". While toisiinsa is a single plural word, this structure uses two singular words: the first is always nominative (toinen), and the second takes the case required by the verb along with a possessive suffix.
How exactly is the word toiseensa formed here?
The verb luottaa (to trust) requires the illative case, which represents movement "into" something. Therefore, the second half of the phrase becomes the illative toiseen. Because it is a reciprocal structure, it also requires a possessive suffix matching the subject. Since kamppailijat is third-person plural, we add the third-person suffix -sa, resulting in toiseensa.
If kamppailijat is a plural subject, why is the first toinen in the nominative singular?
That is a strict rule for this specific two-word reciprocal structure. The first word is always the nominative singular toinen, regardless of whether the subject is plural. You can think of the underlying logic as "the martial artists trust, one (singular) into another (singular)".
How is the word kamppailijat built?
It is built from the verb kamppailla, which means to struggle, grapple, or compete in combat. By adding the maker suffix -ja (similar to "-er" in English), we get kamppailija (a martial artist or fighter). Here it is in the nominative plural, ending in -t.
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