Breakdown of He mittasivat tämän ennätyksen Etelämantereen vaikeimmissa olosuhteissa.
tämä
this
he
they
vaikea
difficult / hard
mitata
to measure
ennätys
the record
Etelämanner
Antarctica
olosuhde
the condition (circumstance)
Questions & Answers about He mittasivat tämän ennätyksen Etelämantereen vaikeimmissa olosuhteissa.
How do we get from the basic adjective vaikea to the form vaikeimmissa?
The basic word is vaikea (difficult). To say "in the most difficult..." (plural), we need the weak superlative stem -imma-. When we combine vaike- + -imma- + the plural -i- + the inessive ending -ssa, the -a- at the end of the superlative stem is dropped to accommodate the plural -i-, resulting in vaikeimmissa.
What is the base form of olosuhteissa, and why does it have a t here?
The dictionary form is olosuhde (condition/circumstance). Words ending in -e have a "reverse" consonant gradation pattern. The basic form has the weak grade (d), but the stem takes the strong grade (t) before most endings. Therefore, olosuhde changes to the stem olosuhte- before adding the plural -i- and the inessive -ssa.
What kind of word is Etelämantereen?
It is the genitive form of Etelämanner (Antarctica). This is a compound of etelä (south) and manner (continent/mainland). Manner is an older, slightly irregular noun type that changes its stem to manteree- before endings like the genitive -n are added.
Why does the object tämän ennätyksen end in -n?
It is in the accusative case, which looks identical to the genitive (-n) for singular words. This case is used for total objects, showing that the action (measuring the record) was fully completed by a specific subject (He).
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