Breakdown of Jos laiva uppoaisi, hyppäisin pelastusveneeseen.
laiva
ship
hypätä
to jump
jos
if
upota
to sink
Questions & Answers about Jos laiva uppoaisi, hyppäisin pelastusveneeseen.
Why does the Finnish sentence use uppoaisi in the "if" clause, when English just uses the past tense "sank"?
In English, hypothetical conditions use the past tense in the "if" half and "would" in the result half. In Finnish, the conditional marker -isi- is used in both halves of the sentence: jos laiva uppoaisi (if the ship "would" sink), hyppäisin (I would jump).
Both uppoaisi and hyppäisin come from the verbs upota and hypätä. Why do they both get a double pp here?
They are both Verb Type 4 verbs, which undergo "reverse" consonant gradation. The dictionary infinitive forms (upota, hypätä) have the weak grade (a single p), but when you conjugate them, the stem strengthens to the strong grade (a double pp).
The strong stem for hypätä is hyppää-. What happens to those two ä's when we form hyppäisin?
When you add the conditional marker -isi- to a verb stem that ends in a long vowel (like the ää in hyppää-), one of those vowels is dropped to make room. So hyppää- loses an ä, becoming hyppä-, and then you add -isin.
How is the ending formed in pelastusveneeseen (into the lifeboat)?