Breakdown of Tämän tärkeän teoksen kirjoitti viisas kirjailija.
tämä
this
kirjoittaa
to write
tärkeä
important
viisas
wise
Questions & Answers about Tämän tärkeän teoksen kirjoitti viisas kirjailija.
Why does the translation use the passive voice ('was written by') when the Finnish sentence uses the active verb kirjoitti?
English often uses the passive voice to put the focus on the object. Finnish achieves this exact same focus by moving the object to the beginning of the sentence, creating an Object-Verb-Subject (OVS) word order. Finnish uses the active verb kirjoitti because Finnish does not have a 'by someone' passive structure. To say 'was done by someone', you must use OVS active word order.
Why is the object Tämän tärkeän teoksen in the genitive case with an -n ending?
It is a total object, meaning the action of writing it was completed. When a verb's action is finished and the object is a whole thing, the object takes the genitive-like accusative case. Notice how the pronoun tämä, adjective tärkeä, and noun teos all take the matching -n ending.
If the word order is backwards, how do we know viisas kirjailija is the one doing the writing?
In Finnish, the grammatical cases tell you who does what, which frees up the word order to change for emphasis. viisas kirjailija is in the nominative (basic) case, which clearly marks it as the subject (the doer). The -n ending on Tämän tärkeän teoksen clearly marks it as the object (the receiver of the action).
Why use teoksen instead of kirjan here?