Learn Finnish: Esitys on käännetty. - The presentation has been translated.

We use the third-person singular of the verb olla, which is on, followed by the passive past participle of the main verb. For the verb kääntää (to translate), the passive past participle is käännetty. Together, on käännetty means has been translated.

Why is esitys in the basic nominative form instead of an object case?

In Finnish passive sentences, a total object (an object that the action fully affects) is placed in the nominative case. Because the entire presentation has been translated, it appears in its basic form esitys rather than taking a genitive or accusative ending.

Why does käännetty have a double N when the dictionary form is kääntää?

Forming the passive involves consonant gradation. The strong grade nt in the stem of kääntää weakens to the weak grade nn when we add the passive marker and the past participle ending -tty.

How does on käännetty differ from the simple past passive käännettiin?

The simple past käännettiin means it was translated at a specific time in the past. The perfect passive on käännetty means it has been translated, focusing on the result or the fact that the finished translation exists right now.