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Questions & Answers about Muistio on tulostettu.
Why does this sentence use on instead of a passive form of the verb to be?
In the standard perfect passive tense, the auxiliary verb is always the active third-person singular on (is / has). The "passive" meaning is carried entirely by the main verb, which is put into the passive past participle form (tulostettu).
How do we form tulostettu from the dictionary verb?
The verb is tulostaa (to print, verb type 1). A reliable trick to find the passive past participle for any verb is to start with its simple past passive form, which here is tulostettiin (was printed). Just drop the -iin and add -u, giving you tulostettu.
Why is Muistio in the basic nominative case here rather than an object case?
When a sentence is in the passive voice, its object (the thing being acted upon) never takes the genitive-accusative -n ending. Because the action of printing the memo is completely finished, it is a "total object" and simply takes the basic nominative case (muistio).
When would I use on tulostettu instead of the simple past passive tulostettiin?
You use tulostettiin (was printed) to simply state that the action happened at some point in the past. You use the perfect tense on tulostettu (has been printed) when you want to emphasize the present result of that past action: the printing is finished, and the physical memo is ready right now.