Breakdown of Vapaaehtoiset ovat järjestäneet ilmaisen tapahtuman.
olla
to be
vapaaehtoinen
volunteer
järjestää
to organize
tapahtuma
event
ilmainen
free of charge
Questions & Answers about Vapaaehtoiset ovat järjestäneet ilmaisen tapahtuman.
How do we form järjestäneet from the basic verb?
The verb is järjestää (to organize), which is a Type 1 verb. To form the plural past participle for the perfect tense, you take the basic stem järjestä- and add the plural ending -neet. You must use the plural -neet here because the subject, vapaaehtoiset (the volunteers), is plural.
What is the basic form of vapaaehtoiset and ilmaisen, and why do they both have an -se- in the middle?
Their basic dictionary forms are vapaaehtoinen (volunteer) and ilmainen (free). Both belong to a very common group of words ending in -nen. Whenever you add a grammatical ending to these words, the -nen changes to a -se- stem. So vapaaehtoinen becomes vapaaehtoise- plus the plural -t, and ilmainen becomes ilmaise- plus the object -n.
Why does ilmaisen tapahtuman end in -n instead of being in the basic dictionary form?
It is the object of the sentence, meaning it is the thing being organized. In an affirmative sentence where a complete action is done to a whole object, a singular object takes the -n ending (the genitive-looking accusative case).
Since the subject and verb are plural, why isn't the object tapahtuman plural as well?
The subject and verb match in number, which is why many volunteers ovat järjestäneet. However, the object's form depends only on what was actually acted upon. The group of volunteers organized exactly one single event together, so tapahtuman stays singular.
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