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### Asking "When"

To ask about the timeframe of an event, use **milloin** (when). Like in English, it goes at the beginning of the sentence.

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Use it with action verbs or simply with *olla* (to be) for scheduled events.

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### Asking "Why"

To ask for a reason, use **miksi** (why).

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When asking why someone or something *must* do something, the rules for *täytyy* (must) apply. The subject still takes the genitive case (ending in *-n*).

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### Putting it together

You can combine these question words with scheduling vocabulary like *loma* (vacation), *kurssi* (course), and *matka* (trip). Link related questions into one sentence using **ja** (and).

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When and why (milloin, miksi)

adjective

adposition

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (tämä, tuo, se)

Singular personal pronouns (minä, sinä, hän)

Plural personal pronouns (me, te, he)

Plural demonstratives (nämä, nuo, ne)

Coordinating conjunctions (ja, mutta, tai)

Yes/no questions (-ko / -kö)

Basic question words (kuka, mikä, missä)

Negation of to be (en ole, ei ole)

The inessive case (-ssa / -ssä)

Double consonant gradation (kk, pp, tt)

Consonant gradation (-ssa/-ssä)

Verb Type 1 (puhun, puhut, puhuu)

Verb Type 1 with consonant gradation

Negative verbs (en puhu, et lue)

External location (-lla/-llä)

There is / there are (kaupungissa on)

Possession (minulla on)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yksi, kaksi, kolme)

The partitive singular (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Quantities with numbers (kaksi autoa)

Negative possession (ei ole)

Numbers 11 to 100 and 1000

Partitive verbs

Partitive personal pronouns (minua, sinua)

Verb Type 2 (-da/-dä)

Partitive for mass nouns (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Partitive for negative objects

Adjective agreement

Verb Type 3

The elative case (-sta/-stä)

Negative possession (minulla ei ole…)

The illative case (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Numbers 21 to 99

Static vs. movement verbs

Verb Type 4 (-Vta / -Vtä)

Verb Type 5 (-ita / -itä)

Genitive singular for possession (-n)

Total object (-n)

Accusative personal pronouns (-t)

Obligation (täytyy)

Into places (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Postpositions with the genitive

My and your (-ni, -si)

Onto and to someone (-lle)

From someone or somewhere (-lta, -ltä)

Telling time (kello on...)

Months of the year (-ssa, -ssä)

Days of the week (-na, -nä)

The illative case (mihin, -Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Past tense of to be (olin, olit, oli)

The seasons (kevät, kesä, syksy, talvi)

The imperative mood (lue!, syö!, mene!)

The past tense of to be (olin, oli)

The illative case (-hVn, -seen)

Greetings and goodbyes (hei, näkemiin)

Thank you and sorry (kiitos, anteeksi)

Liking things (pitää / tykätä + -sta/-stä)

Temporary states and roles (-na/-nä)

Change of state (-ksi)

Ongoing actions (-massa/-mässä)

Going to do an action (-maan/-mään)

Returning from an action (-masta/-mästä)

Third-person possessives (-nsa/-nsä or -Vn)

Plural possessives (-mme, -nne)

Indefinite pronouns (joku, jokin, kaikki)

Negative indefinite pronouns (ei kukaan, ei mikään)

Commands for verb types 4 and 5

Adverb formation (-sti)

Past tense for verb type 1 (-i-)

Past tense vowel changes for verb type 1 (-o- / -i-)

Past tense for verb type 2 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 3 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 4 (-si-)

Past tense for verb type 5 (-itsi-)

Past tense consonant gradation

Past participles for verb types 1 and 2 (-nut / -nyt)

Past participle singular for verb types 3-5 (-nnut, -llut)

Active past participle plural (-neet)

Past tense negative (en mennyt, emme olleet)

The perfect tense (olen ollut)

The perfect tense negative (en ole nähnyt)

Total plural objects (-t)

Partitive plural (-ia / -iä)

Partitive plural (-ja / -jä)

Partitive plural (-ita / -itä)

Question	Answer
when	milloin
meeting (formal)	kokous
When does the meeting begin?	Milloin kokous alkaa?
When does the train leave?	Milloin juna lähtee?
Why must I leave early?	Miksi minun täytyy lähteä aikaisin?
Why are you in the hotel?	Miksi te olette hotellissa?
When do we eat?	Milloin me syömme?
vacation	loma
Why does the vacation end today?	Miksi loma loppuu tänään?
When is he coming?	Milloin hän tulee?
course	kurssi
Why must the course be difficult?	Miksi kurssin täytyy olla vaikea?
concert	konsertti
When is the concert?	Milloin konsertti on?
Why are you tired today?	Miksi sinä olet väsynyt tänään?
Why is the meeting in the office?	Miksi kokous on toimistossa?
trip	matka
Why must the trip end?	Miksi matkan täytyy loppua?
When does the course begin, and why does the vacation end?	Milloin kurssi alkaa, ja miksi loma loppuu?
When is the concert, and why is the trip expensive?	Milloin konsertti on, ja miksi matka on kallis?
how (in what way)	miten
How are you?	Miten sinä voit?
How does it happen?	Miten se tapahtuu?
when (conjunction)	kun
When I am tired, I sleep.	Kun minä olen väsynyt, minä nukun.
She sings when she is happy.	Hän laulaa, kun hän on iloinen.
that's why, therefore	siksi
I am tired, that's why I am resting.	Minä olen väsynyt, siksi minä lepään.
It is raining, that's why we are staying home.	Sataa, siksi me jäämme kotiin.
because, for the reason that	siksi että
I am not coming, because I am sick.	Minä en tule, siksi että olen sairas.
He is staying home because it is raining.	Hän jää kotiin, siksi että sataa.

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