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Finnish

### The Logic of Location in Finnish

In English, you usually search "in" a place and find things "in" or "on" a place. Finnish looks at these actions differently. If the end goal of an action is to extract something or take it away, Finnish focuses on the direction of that extraction and requires a "from" case: either the **elative** (**-sta/-stä**, out of) or the **ablative** (**-lta/-ltä**, from).

### Etsiä (to search)

When you search for something, you are trying to pull it out of a location. Because of this, you search *from* a place using the elative or ablative case.

Additionally, because the act of searching is an ongoing, incomplete process, the object you are looking for must be in the **partitive** case.

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### Löytää (to find)

The verb **löytää** follows the same logic. When you find something, it conceptually comes out of its hiding place and into your awareness or possession. Therefore, you always find things *from* somewhere in Finnish.

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### Ostaa (to buy)

Buying is a transfer of ownership away from a seller. When you buy something, you buy it *from* a person, a company, or a store.

When buying from a person or a business entity (like a real estate agent or an inspection company), use the ablative case (**-lta/-ltä**).

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Verbs of searching and finding

adjective

adposition

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (tämä, tuo, se)

Singular personal pronouns (minä, sinä, hän)

Plural personal pronouns (me, te, he)

Plural demonstratives (nämä, nuo, ne)

Coordinating conjunctions (ja, mutta, tai)

Yes/no questions (-ko / -kö)

Basic question words (kuka, mikä, missä)

Negation of to be (en ole, ei ole)

The inessive case (-ssa / -ssä)

Double consonant gradation (kk, pp, tt)

Consonant gradation (-ssa/-ssä)

Verb Type 1 (puhun, puhut, puhuu)

Verb Type 1 with consonant gradation

Negative verbs (en puhu, et lue)

External location (-lla/-llä)

There is / there are (kaupungissa on)

Possession (minulla on)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yksi, kaksi, kolme)

The partitive singular (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Quantities with numbers (kaksi autoa)

Negative possession (ei ole)

Numbers 11 to 100 and 1000

Partitive verbs

Partitive personal pronouns (minua, sinua)

Verb Type 2 (-da/-dä)

Partitive for mass nouns (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Partitive for negative objects

Adjective agreement

Verb Type 3

The elative case (-sta/-stä)

Negative possession (minulla ei ole…)

The illative case (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Numbers 21 to 99

Static vs. movement verbs

Verb Type 4 (-Vta / -Vtä)

Verb Type 5 (-ita / -itä)

Genitive singular for possession (-n)

Total object (-n)

Accusative personal pronouns (-t)

Obligation (täytyy)

Into places (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Postpositions with the genitive

My and your (-ni, -si)

Onto and to someone (-lle)

From someone or somewhere (-lta, -ltä)

Telling time (kello on...)

Months of the year (-ssa, -ssä)

Days of the week (-na, -nä)

When and why (milloin, miksi)

The illative case (mihin, -Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Past tense of to be (olin, olit, oli)

The seasons (kevät, kesä, syksy, talvi)

The imperative mood (lue!, syö!, mene!)

The past tense of to be (olin, oli)

The illative case (-hVn, -seen)

Greetings and goodbyes (hei, näkemiin)

Thank you and sorry (kiitos, anteeksi)

Liking things (pitää / tykätä + -sta/-stä)

Temporary states and roles (-na/-nä)

Change of state (-ksi)

Ongoing actions (-massa/-mässä)

Going to do an action (-maan/-mään)

Returning from an action (-masta/-mästä)

Third-person possessives (-nsa/-nsä or -Vn)

Plural possessives (-mme, -nne)

Indefinite pronouns (joku, jokin, kaikki)

Negative indefinite pronouns (ei kukaan, ei mikään)

Commands for verb types 4 and 5

Adverb formation (-sti)

Past tense for verb type 1 (-i-)

Past tense vowel changes for verb type 1 (-o- / -i-)

Past tense for verb type 2 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 3 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 4 (-si-)

Past tense for verb type 5 (-itsi-)

Past tense consonant gradation

Past participles for verb types 1 and 2 (-nut / -nyt)

Past participle singular for verb types 3-5 (-nnut, -llut)

Active past participle plural (-neet)

Past tense negative (en mennyt, emme olleet)

The perfect tense (olen ollut)

The perfect tense negative (en ole nähnyt)

Total plural objects (-t)

Partitive plural (-ia / -iä)

Partitive plural (-ja / -jä)

Question	Answer
apartment	asunto
apartment building	kerrostalo
I am searching for a new apartment in this apartment building.	Etsin uutta asuntoa tästä kerrostalosta.
Where did you find that beautiful apartment?	Mistä löysit tuon kauniin asunnon?
one-bedroom apartment	kaksio
real estate agent	välittäjä
I bought my new one-bedroom apartment from a friendly real estate agent.	Ostin uuden kaksioni ystävälliseltä välittäjältä.
terraced house	rivitalo
The real estate agent is searching for a terraced house for me in Espoo.	Välittäjä etsii minulle rivitaloa Espoosta.
They found a cheap terraced house on the internet.	He löysivät halvan rivitalon netistä.
We are tired because we are searching for a new apartment in this city.	Me olemme väsyneitä, koska etsimme uutta asuntoa tästä kaupungista.
detached house	omakotitalo
Did you find your old detached house on the internet?	Löysitkö vanhan omakotitalosi netistä?
mortgage	asuntolaina
We got a large mortgage, so we are buying this detached house from the owner.	Saimme suuren asuntolainan, joten ostamme tämän omakotitalon omistajalta.
I am searching for an affordable mortgage on the internet.	Etsin edullista asuntolainaa netistä.
condition inspection	kuntotarkastus
I bought a condition inspection from a reliable company.	Ostin kuntotarkastuksen luotettavalta yritykseltä.
property	kiinteistö
We will not buy that property before the condition inspection.	Emme osta tuota kiinteistöä ennen kuntotarkastusta.
showing	esittely
The showing of the apartment is today, but we cannot find the house on the map.	Asunnon esittely on tänään, mutta emme löydä taloa kartalta.
I bought this one-bedroom apartment from the real estate agent immediately after the showing.	Ostin tämän kaksion välittäjältä heti esittelyn jälkeen.
I am searching for a large property in this city.	Etsin suurta kiinteistöä tästä kaupungista.
I am searching for a two-room apartment in a new apartment building.	Minä etsin kaksiota uudesta kerrostalosta.
to be found, to turn up	löytyä
A good two-room flat was found quickly.	Hyvä kaksio löytyi nopeasti.
Where is a cheap apartment to be found?	Mistä löytyy halpa asunto?
to acquire, to get hold of	hankkia
We acquired a detached house last year.	Hankimme omakotitalon viime vuonna.
I want to acquire a terraced house.	Haluan hankkia rivitalon.
loan	laina
The bank gave us a loan.	Pankki antoi meille lainan.
A mortgage is a big loan.	Asuntolaina on suuri laina.
landlord	vuokranantaja
The landlord repaired the window.	Vuokranantaja korjasi ikkunan.
I asked the landlord for permission.	Kysyin vuokranantajalta luvan.
insurance	vakuutus
The property must have insurance.	Kiinteistössä täytyy olla vakuutus.
The insurance costs a hundred euros a year.	Vakuutus maksaa sata euroa vuodessa.

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