Purpose structure (-kseen)

The Purpose Structure: "In order to"

To express doing something "in order to" achieve a goal, Finnish uses a concise verb form instead of a separate conjunction.

Forming the Purpose Structure

Start with the dictionary form of the verb (the first infinitive), add the translative marker -kse-, and finish with the possessive suffix of the person doing the action.

PersonSuffixExample (lukea = to read)
Minä (I)-nilukeakseni
Sinä (You)-silukeaksesi
Hän (He/She)-enlukeakseen
Me (We)-mmelukeaksemme
Te (You pl.)-nnelukeaksenne
He (They)-enlukeakseen

Because the third-person form is so common, this is often called the "-kseen" structure.

First and Second Person Goals

Use -ni, -si, -mme, and -nne for "I", "you", and "we".

I hid the microphone in the room to hear everything.
Piilotin mikrofonin huoneeseen kuullakseni kaiken.
You need the secret code to open the door.
Tarvitset salaisen koodin avataksesi oven.
We built a trap to spy on the criminal.
Rakensimme ansan vakoillaksemme rikollista.
You studied the code to remember it tomorrow.
Te opiskelitte koodia muistaaksenne sen huomenna.

Third Person Goals

The third-person singular and plural share the -kseen ending.

The agent read the letter to understand the secret mission.
Agentti luki kirjeen ymmärtääkseen salaisen tehtävän.
The spy walked quietly to tail the target.
Vakooja käveli hiljaa varjostaakseen kohdetta.
The spies bought disguises to get in.
Vakoojat ostivat valepuvut päästäkseen sisään.