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### Ordinals 11 to 19 in the Essive Case

To express when an event happens on dates from the 11th to the 19th, use the essive case (**-na** / **-nä**) on the ordinal number. For these numbers, which end in **-toista**, **only the first part of the number inflects**, while **-toista** remains unchanged.

| Number | Ordinal Essive (on the Xth) |
|---|---|
| 11 | **yhdentenä**toista |
| 12 | **kahdentena**toista |
| 13 | **kolmantena**toista |
| 14 | **neljäntenä**toista |

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### Plural Events and the Higher Teens

Some event nouns, like **messut** (a fair) and **häät** (a wedding), are always plural and take plural verbs (like **ovat** instead of **on**). 

The ordinal essive rule remains the same for the higher teens:

| Number | Ordinal Essive (on the Xth) |
|---|---|
| 15 | **viidentenä**toista |
| 16 | **kuudentena**toista |
| 17 | **seitsemäntenä**toista |
| 18 | **kahdeksantena**toista |
| 19 | **yhdeksäntenä**toista |

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### The 20th: Kahdentenakymmenentenä

For 20 (**kaksikymmentä**), **both halves of the word inflect fully** in the ordinal essive.

"On the second" is **kahdentena**, and "on the tenth" is **kymmenentenä**. Combined, "on the twentieth" is **kahdentenakymmenentenä**.

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Ordinals 11 to 20 in the essive case (-ntena / -ntenä)

adjective

adposition

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (tämä, tuo, se)

Singular personal pronouns (minä, sinä, hän)

Plural personal pronouns (me, te, he)

Plural demonstratives (nämä, nuo, ne)

Coordinating conjunctions (ja, mutta, tai)

Yes/no questions (-ko / -kö)

Basic question words (kuka, mikä, missä)

Negation of to be (en ole, ei ole)

The inessive case (-ssa / -ssä)

Double consonant gradation (kk, pp, tt)

Consonant gradation (-ssa/-ssä)

Verb Type 1 (puhun, puhut, puhuu)

Verb Type 1 with consonant gradation

Negative verbs (en puhu, et lue)

External location (-lla/-llä)

There is / there are (kaupungissa on)

Possession (minulla on)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yksi, kaksi, kolme)

The partitive singular (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Quantities with numbers (kaksi autoa)

Negative possession (ei ole)

Numbers 11 to 100 and 1000

Partitive verbs

Partitive personal pronouns (minua, sinua)

Verb Type 2 (-da/-dä)

Partitive for mass nouns (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Partitive for negative objects

Adjective agreement

Verb Type 3

The elative case (-sta/-stä)

Negative possession (minulla ei ole…)

The illative case (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Numbers 21 to 99

Static vs. movement verbs

Verb Type 4 (-Vta / -Vtä)

Verb Type 5 (-ita / -itä)

Genitive singular for possession (-n)

Total object (-n)

Accusative personal pronouns (-t)

Obligation (täytyy)

Into places (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Postpositions with the genitive

My and your (-ni, -si)

Onto and to someone (-lle)

From someone or somewhere (-lta, -ltä)

Telling time (kello on...)

Months of the year (-ssa, -ssä)

Days of the week (-na, -nä)

When and why (milloin, miksi)

The illative case (mihin, -Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Past tense of to be (olin, olit, oli)

The seasons (kevät, kesä, syksy, talvi)

The imperative mood (lue!, syö!, mene!)

The past tense of to be (olin, oli)

The illative case (-hVn, -seen)

Greetings and goodbyes (hei, näkemiin)

Thank you and sorry (kiitos, anteeksi)

Liking things (pitää / tykätä + -sta/-stä)

Temporary states and roles (-na/-nä)

Change of state (-ksi)

Ongoing actions (-massa/-mässä)

Going to do an action (-maan/-mään)

Returning from an action (-masta/-mästä)

Third-person possessives (-nsa/-nsä or -Vn)

Plural possessives (-mme, -nne)

Indefinite pronouns (joku, jokin, kaikki)

Negative indefinite pronouns (ei kukaan, ei mikään)

Commands for verb types 4 and 5

Adverb formation (-sti)

Past tense for verb type 1 (-i-)

Past tense vowel changes for verb type 1 (-o- / -i-)

Past tense for verb type 2 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 3 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 4 (-si-)

Past tense for verb type 5 (-itsi-)

Past tense consonant gradation

Past participles for verb types 1 and 2 (-nut / -nyt)

Past participle singular for verb types 3-5 (-nnut, -llut)

Active past participle plural (-neet)

Past tense negative (en mennyt, emme olleet)

The perfect tense (olen ollut)

The perfect tense negative (en ole nähnyt)

Total plural objects (-t)

Partitive plural (-ia / -iä)

Partitive plural (-ja / -jä)

Question	Answer
date	päivämäärä
We will return on the eleventh. I remember the date.	Me palaamme yhdentenätoista. Minä muistan päivämäärän.
The concert is on the twelfth. I will buy a ticket.	Konsertti on kahdentenatoista. Minä ostan lipun.
match	ottelu
calendar	kalenteri
Is the match on the thirteenth? The calendar is empty.	Onko ottelu kolmantenatoista? Kalenteri on tyhjä.
The match is on the fourteenth, but I am tired.	Ottelu on neljäntenätoista, mutta minä olen väsynyt.
fair	messut
The fair is in August, on the fifteenth.	Messut ovat elokuussa, viidentenätoista.
The fair is not open on the sixteenth.	Messut eivät ole auki kuudentenatoista.
to spend / to celebrate (time, holidays)	viettää
anniversary	vuosipäivä
We celebrate the anniversary on the seventeenth. It is an important date.	Me vietämme vuosipäivää seitsemäntenätoista. Se on tärkeä päivämäärä.
wedding	häät
Was the wedding on the eighteenth? I do not remember the anniversary.	Olivatko häät kahdeksantenatoista? Minä en muista vuosipäivää.
tournament	turnaus
The tournament starts on the nineteenth.	Turnaus alkaa yhdeksäntenätoista.
No one plays in the tournament on the twentieth.	Kukaan ei pelaa turnauksessa kahdentenakymmenentenä.
The wedding is on the twentieth. We will spend time there.	Häät ovat kahdentenakymmenentenä. Me vietämme aikaa siellä.
The new calendar is ready on the twelfth of December.	Uusi kalenteri on valmis kahdentenatoista joulukuuta.