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### Numbers 1 to 5

Let's start with the first five numbers: **yksi** (1), **kaksi** (2), **kolme** (3), **neljä** (4), and **viisi** (5).

You can use the word **ja** (and) along with the verb **on** (is) to express basic math.

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### Identifying Nouns by Number

To identify something by its number, simply place the number directly after the noun, just like in English (for example, "bus four" or "room five").

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### Telling Time

To state the current hour, use the phrase **Kello on...** (literally: "The clock is..."). You can include **nyt** (now) to emphasize what time it is right now.

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### Numbers 6 to 10

The next five numbers are **kuusi** (6), **seitsemän** (7), **kahdeksan** (8), **yhdeksän** (9), and **kymmenen** (10).

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### Numbers with Possession

You can easily combine numbers with the possession structure you already know (**minulla on**, **sinulla on**, etc.) to state how many of an item someone has. You can also use **tai** (or) to express a choice or a range.

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Numbers 1 to 10 (yksi, kaksi, kolme)

adjective

adposition

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (tämä, tuo, se)

Singular personal pronouns (minä, sinä, hän)

Plural personal pronouns (me, te, he)

Plural demonstratives (nämä, nuo, ne)

Coordinating conjunctions (ja, mutta, tai)

Yes/no questions (-ko / -kö)

Basic question words (kuka, mikä, missä)

Negation of to be (en ole, ei ole)

The inessive case (-ssa / -ssä)

Double consonant gradation (kk, pp, tt)

Consonant gradation (-ssa/-ssä)

Verb Type 1 (puhun, puhut, puhuu)

Verb Type 1 with consonant gradation

Negative verbs (en puhu, et lue)

External location (-lla/-llä)

There is / there are (kaupungissa on)

Possession (minulla on)

The partitive singular (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Quantities with numbers (kaksi autoa)

Negative possession (ei ole)

Numbers 11 to 100 and 1000

Partitive verbs

Partitive personal pronouns (minua, sinua)

Verb Type 2 (-da/-dä)

Partitive for mass nouns (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Partitive for negative objects

Adjective agreement

Verb Type 3

The elative case (-sta/-stä)

Negative possession (minulla ei ole…)

The illative case (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Numbers 21 to 99

Static vs. movement verbs

Verb Type 4 (-Vta / -Vtä)

Verb Type 5 (-ita / -itä)

Genitive singular for possession (-n)

Total object (-n)

Accusative personal pronouns (-t)

Obligation (täytyy)

Into places (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Postpositions with the genitive

My and your (-ni, -si)

Onto and to someone (-lle)

From someone or somewhere (-lta, -ltä)

Telling time (kello on...)

Months of the year (-ssa, -ssä)

Days of the week (-na, -nä)

When and why (milloin, miksi)

The illative case (mihin, -Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Past tense of to be (olin, olit, oli)

The seasons (kevät, kesä, syksy, talvi)

The imperative mood (lue!, syö!, mene!)

The past tense of to be (olin, oli)

The illative case (-hVn, -seen)

Greetings and goodbyes (hei, näkemiin)

Thank you and sorry (kiitos, anteeksi)

Liking things (pitää / tykätä + -sta/-stä)

Temporary states and roles (-na/-nä)

Change of state (-ksi)

Ongoing actions (-massa/-mässä)

Going to do an action (-maan/-mään)

Returning from an action (-masta/-mästä)

Third-person possessives (-nsa/-nsä or -Vn)

Plural possessives (-mme, -nne)

Indefinite pronouns (joku, jokin, kaikki)

Negative indefinite pronouns (ei kukaan, ei mikään)

Commands for verb types 4 and 5

Adverb formation (-sti)

Past tense for verb type 1 (-i-)

Past tense vowel changes for verb type 1 (-o- / -i-)

Past tense for verb type 2 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 3 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 4 (-si-)

Past tense for verb type 5 (-itsi-)

Past tense consonant gradation

Past participles for verb types 1 and 2 (-nut / -nyt)

Past participle singular for verb types 3-5 (-nnut, -llut)

Active past participle plural (-neet)

Past tense negative (en mennyt, emme olleet)

The perfect tense (olen ollut)

The perfect tense negative (en ole nähnyt)

Total plural objects (-t)

Partitive plural (-ia / -iä)

Partitive plural (-ja / -jä)

Partitive plural (-ita / -itä)

Question	Answer
one	yksi
two	kaksi
three	kolme
One and two is three.	Yksi ja kaksi on kolme.
It is one o'clock now.	Kello on nyt yksi.
I have two.	Minulla on kaksi.
four	neljä
Two and two is four.	Kaksi ja kaksi on neljä.
This is bus four.	Tämä on bussi neljä.
five	viisi
Three and two is five.	Kolme ja kaksi on viisi.
Room five is here.	Huone viisi on täällä.
six	kuusi
Three and three is six.	Kolme ja kolme on kuusi.
Is it six o'clock now?	Onko kello nyt kuusi?
seven	seitsemän
Five and two is seven.	Viisi ja kaksi on seitsemän.
Train seven is over there.	Juna seitsemän on tuolla.
eight	kahdeksan
Four and four is eight.	Neljä ja neljä on kahdeksan.
Do you have eight?	Onko sinulla kahdeksan?
nine	yhdeksän
Eight and one is nine.	Kahdeksan ja yksi on yhdeksän.
ten	kymmenen
They have nine or ten.	Heillä on yhdeksän tai kymmenen.
This is room ten.	Tämä on huone kymmenen.