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Finnish

### The Negative Dual Pronoun

When you want to say that "neither" of two options is correct, chosen, or desired, Finnish uses the negative verb paired with the pronoun **kumpikaan**. This is the negative counterpart to *kumpikin* (both) and *jompikumpi* (either).

Because *kumpikaan* is a negative pronoun, it must always be accompanied by a negative verb (*en, et, ei*, etc.). Depending on the sentence structure, the pronoun can appear before or after the negative verb.

{{item:917055}}

### Declining "kumpikaan"

Just like with *kumpikin*, the base word *kumpi* declines to match the case of the noun it modifies, and the suffix is added at the very end. Because it appears in negative sentences, the suffix is **-kaan** (or **-kään** depending on vowel harmony).

Because negative sentences usually require their objects to be in the partitive case, you will frequently use the partitive form: *kumpaa* + *-kaan* = **kumpaakaan**.

{{item:917041}}

### Local Cases

When expressing concepts like "in neither" or "to neither", the base *kumpi* takes the appropriate local case ending before adding *-kaan*. The internal consonants weaken from a strong *mp* to a weak *mm* when these endings are added.

For the inessive case ("in"), the base becomes *kummassa*, forming **kummassakaan**.

{{item:917051}}

For the allative case ("to"), the base becomes *kummalle*, forming **kummallekaan**.

{{item:917052}}

Negative dual pronoun (ei kumpikaan)

adjective

adposition

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (tämä, tuo, se)

Singular personal pronouns (minä, sinä, hän)

Plural personal pronouns (me, te, he)

Plural demonstratives (nämä, nuo, ne)

Coordinating conjunctions (ja, mutta, tai)

Yes/no questions (-ko / -kö)

Basic question words (kuka, mikä, missä)

Negation of to be (en ole, ei ole)

The inessive case (-ssa / -ssä)

Double consonant gradation (kk, pp, tt)

Consonant gradation (-ssa/-ssä)

Verb Type 1 (puhun, puhut, puhuu)

Verb Type 1 with consonant gradation

Negative verbs (en puhu, et lue)

External location (-lla/-llä)

There is / there are (kaupungissa on)

Possession (minulla on)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yksi, kaksi, kolme)

The partitive singular (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Quantities with numbers (kaksi autoa)

Negative possession (ei ole)

Numbers 11 to 100 and 1000

Partitive verbs

Partitive personal pronouns (minua, sinua)

Verb Type 2 (-da/-dä)

Partitive for mass nouns (-a/-ä, -ta/-tä)

Partitive for negative objects

Adjective agreement

Verb Type 3

The elative case (-sta/-stä)

Negative possession (minulla ei ole…)

The illative case (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Numbers 21 to 99

Static vs. movement verbs

Verb Type 4 (-Vta / -Vtä)

Verb Type 5 (-ita / -itä)

Genitive singular for possession (-n)

Total object (-n)

Accusative personal pronouns (-t)

Obligation (täytyy)

Into places (-Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Postpositions with the genitive

My and your (-ni, -si)

Onto and to someone (-lle)

From someone or somewhere (-lta, -ltä)

Telling time (kello on...)

Months of the year (-ssa, -ssä)

Days of the week (-na, -nä)

When and why (milloin, miksi)

The illative case (mihin, -Vn, -hVn, -seen)

Past tense of to be (olin, olit, oli)

The seasons (kevät, kesä, syksy, talvi)

The imperative mood (lue!, syö!, mene!)

The past tense of to be (olin, oli)

The illative case (-hVn, -seen)

Greetings and goodbyes (hei, näkemiin)

Thank you and sorry (kiitos, anteeksi)

Liking things (pitää / tykätä + -sta/-stä)

Temporary states and roles (-na/-nä)

Change of state (-ksi)

Ongoing actions (-massa/-mässä)

Going to do an action (-maan/-mään)

Returning from an action (-masta/-mästä)

Third-person possessives (-nsa/-nsä or -Vn)

Plural possessives (-mme, -nne)

Indefinite pronouns (joku, jokin, kaikki)

Negative indefinite pronouns (ei kukaan, ei mikään)

Commands for verb types 4 and 5

Adverb formation (-sti)

Past tense for verb type 1 (-i-)

Past tense vowel changes for verb type 1 (-o- / -i-)

Past tense for verb type 2 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 3 (-i-)

Past tense for verb type 4 (-si-)

Past tense for verb type 5 (-itsi-)

Past tense consonant gradation

Past participles for verb types 1 and 2 (-nut / -nyt)

Past participle singular for verb types 3-5 (-nnut, -llut)

Active past participle plural (-neet)

Past tense negative (en mennyt, emme olleet)

The perfect tense (olen ollut)

The perfect tense negative (en ole nähnyt)

Total plural objects (-t)

Partitive plural (-ia / -iä)

Partitive plural (-ja / -jä)

Question	Answer
profile	profiili
awkward	kiusallinen
This profile is awkward.	Tämä profiili on kiusallinen.
app	sovellus
I didn't choose either profile on this app.	En valinnut kumpaakaan profiilia tässä sovelluksessa.
blind date	sokkotreffit
chemistry	kemia
We didn't have any chemistry on the blind date.	Sokkotreffeillä meillä ei ollut kemiaa.
appearance	ulkonäkö
excuse	tekosyy
Appearance is not a good excuse.	Ulkonäkö ei ole hyvä tekosyy.
compatible	yhteensopiva
to reject (an offer, proposal)	torjua
They were not compatible, so the woman rejected the man.	He eivät olleet yhteensopivia, joten nainen torjui miehen.
Neither profile had a photo.	Kummassakaan profiilissa ei ollut kuvaa.
I didn't give a number to either.	Minä en antanut numeroa kummallekaan.
to swipe	pyyhkäistä
I swiped left because his appearance was weird.	Pyyhkäisin vasemmalle, koska hänen ulkonäkönsä oli outo.
We went on a blind date, but neither spoke at all.	Me mentiin sokkotreffeille, mut kumpikaan ei puhunu mitään.
I rejected him and used a bad excuse.	Minä torjuin hänet ja käytin huonoa tekosyytä.
On a blind date it is important to be compatible.	Sokkotreffeillä on tärkeää olla yhteensopiva.
I swiped right on this app.	Minä pyyhkäisin oikealle tässä sovelluksessa.
This is an awkward situation because we have no chemistry.	Tämä on kiusallinen tilanne, koska meillä ei ole kemiaa.